Chapter 7 Study Guide

Question 1

What is learning

Answer 1

Relatively permanent change in behavior and/or knowledge due to experience

Question 2

Name the learning processes

Answer 2

Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning

Question 3

What is classical conditioning

Answer 3

The association of something with something (stimulus and response) (Pavlov)

Question 4

Neutral Stimulus will elicit what

Answer 4

No Reaction

Question 5

Unconditioned Stimulus will elicit what

Answer 5

Reflex (Unconditioned) Action

Question 6

Unconditioned Stimulus and the Neutral Stimulus will elicit what

Answer 6

Reflex (Unconditioned) Action

Question 7

Conditioned Stimulus will elicit what

Answer 7

Conditioned Response

Question 8

Certain smells remind you of something is what type of learning

Answer 8

Classical Conditioning

Question 9

What is Operant Conditioning

Answer 9

A kind of learning in which the consequences that follow some behavior increase or decrease the likelihood of the behavior in the future

Question 10

What is Positive Reinforcement

Answer 10

Presentation of a positive/pleasant stimulus

Question 11

What is Negative Reinforcement

Answer 11

Removing or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus that increases the likelihood of the behavior occurring again

Question 12

What is punishment

Answer 12

The presentation of a stimulus that decreases the likelihood of the behavior occurring again

Question 13

What is shaping

Answer 13

Reinforcing behaviors that lead up to the desired behavior

Question 14

What is reinforcement

Answer 14

Always increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again

Question 15

Name 4 problems with punishment

Answer 15

Does not teach or promote alternative, acceptable behavior

May produce undesirable results such as hostility, passivity, and fear

Likely to be temporary

May model aggression

Question 16

What are the 2 reinforcement schedules

Answer 16

Continous

Partial

Question 17

What is the continuous reinforcement schedule

Answer 17

Presenting reinforcement after each response

Question 18

What is the partial reinforcement schedule

Answer 18

Interval schedules
Fixed Intervals
Variable Intervals

Question 19

What is a fixed interval

Answer 19

Reinforcement is delivered for the first response after a fixed period of time has elapsed

Question 20

What are variable intervals

Answer 20

Reinforcement is delivered for the first response after an average time has elapsed, differs between trials

Question 21

What is observational learning

Answer 21

Also called vicarious learning, is a process by which an organism learns from watching the actions of others

Question 22

Who studied the aggressive observational learning using the Bobo Doll

Answer 22

Albert Bandura

Question 23

What are the 4 key processes to learning

Answer 23

Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation

Question 24

Can some people learn behavior or response, and not perform them

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

Reinforcement only affects those behaviors that are actually ____________

Answer 25

Performed

Question 26

Reinforcement influences _________ rather than learning

Answer 26

Performance