Chapter 7 Study Guide Flashcards
What is learning
Relatively permanent change in behavior and/or knowledge due to experience
Name the learning processes
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning
What is classical conditioning
The association of something with something (stimulus and response) (Pavlov)
Neutral Stimulus will elicit what
No Reaction
Unconditioned Stimulus will elicit what
Reflex (Unconditioned) Action
Unconditioned Stimulus and the Neutral Stimulus will elicit what
Reflex (Unconditioned) Action
Conditioned Stimulus will elicit what
Conditioned Response
Certain smells remind you of something is what type of learning
Classical Conditioning
What is Operant Conditioning
A kind of learning in which the consequences that follow some behavior increase or decrease the likelihood of the behavior in the future
What is Positive Reinforcement
Presentation of a positive/pleasant stimulus
What is Negative Reinforcement
Removing or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus that increases the likelihood of the behavior occurring again
What is punishment
The presentation of a stimulus that decreases the likelihood of the behavior occurring again
What is shaping
Reinforcing behaviors that lead up to the desired behavior
What is reinforcement
Always increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again
Name 4 problems with punishment
Does not teach or promote alternative, acceptable behavior
May produce undesirable results such as hostility, passivity, and fear
Likely to be temporary
May model aggression
What are the 2 reinforcement schedules
Continous
Partial
What is the continuous reinforcement schedule
Presenting reinforcement after each response
What is the partial reinforcement schedule
Interval schedules
Fixed Intervals
Variable Intervals
What is a fixed interval
Reinforcement is delivered for the first response after a fixed period of time has elapsed
What are variable intervals
Reinforcement is delivered for the first response after an average time has elapsed, differs between trials
What is observational learning
Also called vicarious learning, is a process by which an organism learns from watching the actions of others
Who studied the aggressive observational learning using the Bobo Doll
Albert Bandura
What are the 4 key processes to learning
Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation
Can some people learn behavior or response, and not perform them
Yes
Reinforcement only affects those behaviors that are actually ____________
Performed
Reinforcement influences _________ rather than learning
Performance
