Chapter 1 Handouts

Question 1

_________ used the term Tabula Rasa, meaning blank slate, to describe the mind of a child, whereas _______ believed we are born with innate types of knowledge.

Answer 1

Aristotle / Plato

Question 2

Plato’s views are associated with ________, whereas Aristotle’s views are associated with _________

Answer 2

Nativism / Philosophical Empiricism

Question 3

By studying a patient who had language difficulties, a French surgeon, ___________ demonstrated that brain damage could cause problems with mental functions.

Answer 3

Paul Broca

Question 4

The physiologist ______________ contributed to psychology by studying how quickly nerve impulses travel to the brain.

Answer 4

Herman von Helmholtz

Question 5

___________ established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, and his ideas led to their approach called ______________

Answer 5

Wilhelm Wundt / Structuralism

Question 6

___________ focused on studying the basic elements of the mind, whereas _________ focused on how the mind helped people adapt.

Answer 6

Wilhelm Wundt / William James

Question 7

___________ believed that consiousness flowed and developed the perspective called _________

Answer 7

Rene Descartes / Dualism

Question 8

Charles Darwin proposed the idea of natural selection, and this concept inspired the approach to psychology called:

Answer 8

Functionalism

Question 9

Psychologists who compare how well people in different countries across the world hide disappointment when receiving a disappointing gift:

Answer 9

Cultural Psychologists

Question 10

Psychologists who study how damage to the right hemisphere of the brain impacts the ability to recognize faces:

Answer 10

Cognitive Psychologists

Question 11

Psychologists who explore how to help students retrieve memories for specific information when taking a test:

Answer 11

Behavioral Psychologists

Question 12

Psychologists who explore how conflicts in early childhood unconsciously impact a person’s feelings and thoughts:

Answer 12

Psychoanalytical Psychologists

Question 13

Psychologists who explore how certain behaviors are passed genetically from generation to generation due to natural selection:

Answer 13

Evolutionary Psychologists

Question 14

Psychologists who emphasize helping people reach their greatest potential:

Answer 14

Humanistic Psychologists

Question 15

Psychologists who use reinforcement techniques to increase class attendance behavior:

Answer 15

Behavioral Neuroscience Psychologists

Question 16

____________ is the scienftific study of mind and behavior:

Answer 16

Psychology

Question 17

Philosphical _________ is the view that all knowledge is acquired through experience:

Answer 17

Empiricism

Question 18

_____________ argued that body and mind are different - the body is made of material substance, whereas the mind (or soul) is made of an immaterial spiritual substance:

Answer 18

Rene Descarte

Question 19

The first laboratory devoted entirely to psychology was opened by __________ at the University of Leipzig in 1879.

Answer 19

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 20

The psychoanalytic theory emphasizes the importance of __________ mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts, and behaviors.

Answer 20

Unconscious

Question 21

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow were pioneers of _______ psychology, which emphasizes the positive potential of individuals:

Answer 21

Humanistic

Question 22

A ________ _________ refers to the double jeopardy people face when they are at risk of confirming a negative stereotype of their group:

Answer 22

Stereotype threat

Question 23

Instead of having people describe conscious experiences, Watson proposed that psychologists focus entirely on the study of observable _________:

Answer 23

Behaviors

Question 24

_______ _______ _______ was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology.

Answer 24

Margaret Floy Washburn

Question 25

B.F. Skinner wrote a series of books about a possible utopia created through the proper use of the principle of ___________:

Answer 25

Reinforcement

Question 26

According to Gestalt psychology, the mind imposes ___________ on what it perceives.

Answer 26

Organization

Question 27

Broadly speaking, evolutionary psychology based much of its foundation in _______ _______ theory of natural selection.

Answer 27

Charles Darwin

Question 28

___________ psychology emerged in the 1930s, largely in reaction to historical events, such as the rise of Nazism, and the Holocaust.

Answer 28

Social

Question 29

___________ psychologists try to understand which phenomena change based on culture and which are universal.

Answer 29

Cultural

Question 30

The largest subfield of psychology, _________ psychology, focuses on the assessment and treatment of mental disorders.

Answer 30

Health