Chapter 5 Study Guide Flashcards
What is Consciousness
Awareness of external and internal stimuli
What are the 3 levels of consciousness
Minimal, Full, and Self-Consciousness
What is Minimal Consciousness
Low-level of sensory awareness
What is Full Consciousness
Consciousness in which you know and are able to report your mental state
What is Self-Consciousness
A persons attention is drawn to the self as an object
What are the 4 basic properties of consciousness
Intentionality, Unity, Selectivity, and Transience
What is intentionality
Being directed towards an object
What is unity
Integrates all information into one
What is selectivity
Capacity to include some objects but not others
What is transience
Tendency to change
What are the 3 biological rhythms
Daily, Monthly, and Yearly
What is a circadian rhythm
A 24-hour biological cycle that regulates sleep patterns
Does your circadian rhythm change without exposure to daylight
No
In the absence of time, what occurs to your circadian rhythm
The cycle period will be longer than 24 hours
How many stages are in your sleep cycle
5
What is stage 1 of the sleep cycle
Transitional stage (theta wave)
What is stage 2 of the sleep cycle
Rapid, high peaking brain waves (sleep spindles and k complex)
What is stage 3 of the sleep cycle
Low-frequency delta waves
What is stage 4 of the sleep cycle
Very deep sleep, delta waves
What is stage 5 of the sleep cycle
REM, which is associated with dreaming
What are the three functions of sleep
Restoration, energy conservation, circadian/adaptive
What 4 things occur during the restoration function of sleep
Cells restore and grow
Memory is improved; recollection/consolidation
Certain genes are activated to restore the body
Improved immune system
What occurs during the energy conservation involving the function of sleep
Save energy and calories for when we are awake
What occurs during the circadian or adaptation function of sleep
Evolutionary adaptation
Certain mammals sleep at different intervals because of predators
What are some sleep disorders
Insomnia Sleep Apnea Nightmares Night Terrors Somnambulism Narcolepsy Sleep Paralysis
What is the most common sleep disorder
Insomnia
What are some common causes of insomnia
Caffeine Pain Depression Anxiety Drugs/medication
What is the second most common sleep disorder
Sleep apnea
When are nightmares considered sleep disorders
When they are chronic and interrupt sleep
When does anxiety-producing dreams occur
Mostly during REM
What is a night terror
Abrupt awakening from non REM sleep
What is somnambulism
Sleepwalking
Does somnambulism occur during REM
No
Why doesn’t somnambulism occur during REM
Because your muscles are paralyzed
What stage of sleep does somnambulism occur
Stage 4
What is narcolepsy
Excessive daytime sleepiness
What is sleep paralysis
Occurs when waking from a dream, and usually temporary bc your muscles are paralyzed
What 3 reasons explain why we dream
Psychoanalytic Theory
Problem Focused
Activation Synthesis
Who developed the psychoanalytic theory
Sigmund Freud
What is psychoanalytic theory
Believing that dreaming is a way to express unconscious wishes, desires, and conflicts
What is problem-focused dreaming
Solving problems and processing all information taken in during the day
What is activation synthesis
A physiological theory; dreams don’t mean anything, just the firing of the neurons
What is hypnosis
A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility
What are the two explanations of hypnosis
Dissociation Theory
Socio-cognitive Theory
What is the dissociation theory regarding hypnosis
Consciousness splits into two parts; hypnotized (therapist) and non-hypnotized (hidden observer) parts
What is the socio-cognitive theory regarding hypnosis
Going to act as if you’re hypnotized because everyone else is; i.e. magician/stage hypnosis
