Chapter 2 Handouts Flashcards
A researcher does a very detailed interview with a child who was held in captivity by his kidnapper for 10 years. What type of study is this?
Case study
A researcher hypothesizes that there is a relationship between children’s level of depression and their mothers’ level of depression. Children and their mothers both fill out checklists measuring depression. What type of study is this?
Correlational Study
A clinical psychologist wants to study whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is more effective in treating depression compared to medication alone. Half of the patients are randomly assigned to the CBT group and half to the medication group. What type of study is this?
Experimental
A study asks college students how many hours a day they are on their phones. The researchers then measure students’ shyness using a questionnaire and examine whether this is related to the students’ phone use. What type of study is this?
Correlational Study
A researcher wants to study whether sleep has an effect on cognitive functioning. She brings college students into a lab overnight and controls how much sleep they get. Some students are randomly assigned to get 2 hours of sleep, some 4 hours of sleep, and some 6 hours of sleep that night. In the morning, all are given math and vocabulary tests. What type of study is this?
Experimental
Dr. Retsof does a detailed study on a child who was born with half of a brain. The psychologist does various neuropsychological tests on the child. What type of study is this?
Case Study
_____________ is the belief that accurate knowledge can be acquired through observation:
Empiricism
Methodological challenges facing psychologists when studying humans include complexity, variability, and ________:
Reactivity
If an instrument produced different results for the same test done multiple times, then the instrument would lack __________:
Reliability
___________ ___________ are aspects of a setting that cause individuals to behave as they believe someone else expects or wants them to behave:
Demand Characteristics
A ________ __________ __________ is used by researchers to avoid influencing their research and involves making sure that even the research assistants executing a study do not know what is being studied or why:
Double-Blind Observation
When two variables are correlated not because one causes the other but because both are caused by a third variable, it is called a ________ _______ _______:
Third Variable Correlation
When we manipulate an independent variable for an experiment, we create at least two groups of participants: an ______ ______ and a _______ _______
Experimental Group / Control Group
_______ _______ is the attribute of an experiment showing that the variables have been defined as they are in the real world.
External Validity
A _______ _______ is a procedure for gathering scientific information by studying a single person.
Case Method
