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Psychology General > Chapter 6 Study Guide > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

What is memory

A

The ability to retain information over time through the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving

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2
Q

What are the 3 memory processes

A

Encoding
Storing
Retrieval

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3
Q

What are some elements of encoding

A

Attention
Repetition
Make material personally meaningful

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4
Q

What is elaborative encoding

A

Linking new information with other information

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5
Q

What is imagery encoding

A

Imagery and mental pictures

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6
Q

What is organizational encoding

A

Categorizing information

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7
Q

What are the 3 stages of memory

A

Sensory
Working/Short Term
Long Term

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8
Q

What is sensory memory

A

The brain filters out information as it comes in

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9
Q

Holding information for a few seconds is what kind of memory

A

Sensory

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10
Q

What is iconic memory

A

Fast-decaying store of visual information

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11
Q

What is echoic memory

A

Fast decaying store of auditory information

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12
Q

What happens when we continue to pay attention to information

A

It will go to working or short-term memory

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13
Q

What are 2 traits of working or short-term memory

A

Limited capacity and short duration

Conscious processing of information

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14
Q

What are 2 ways we can increase the capacity of our memory

A

Chunking

Maintenance Rehearsal

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15
Q

What is chunking

A

Grouping separate items of information into larger units or chunks so we can increase capacity

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16
Q

What is maintenance rehearsal

A

Intentional repeating of information so it remains longer in the short term memory

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17
Q

What is the function of long term memory

A

To organize and store information

18
Q

What are two traits of long term memory

A

Unlimited Capacity

Unlimited Duration

19
Q

What are 3 ways to transfer information to long term memory

A

Serial Position Effect
Primacy Effect
Recency Effect

20
Q

What is the serial position effect

A

More likely to remember the beginning and end of a sequence

21
Q

What is the primacy effect

A

More memory or recall for letters or words at the beginning of a list

22
Q

What is the recency effect

A

The tendency to recall the last few items in a list bc they are in our short term memory

23
Q

What is schema

A

A pre-existing mental concept that helps us organize and interpret information (fills in the blanks)

24
Q

Do schema’s sometimes contain false information

A

Yes

25
Q

What are 2 reasons we forget

A

The information was never encoded into long term memory

Undesired memories are held back from awareness

26
Q

What is suppression

A

Choosing not to think about something (i.e. past relationships

27
Q

What is repression

A

Unconscious forgetting of a memory (typically associated with PTSD

28
Q

What three reasons explain why memories are held back from awareness

A

Suppression
Repression
Interference

29
Q

What are the 2 types of interference

A

Retroactive

Proactive

30
Q

What is retroactive interference

A

When a NEW memory interferes with OLD information (i.e. new password made and you don’t remember the old one)

31
Q

What is proactive interference

A

When an OLD memory interferes with NEW information (i.e. memories of where you parked your car on campus the past week interferes with your ability to find your car today)

32
Q

What are the 2 inadequate retrieval cues

A

Context-Dependent

State-Dependent

33
Q

What is context-dependent retrieval cues

A

Memories are either helped or hindered by similarities or differences between the context by which they are learned (i.e. if you study for a test in the same environment it will help with memory recall)

34
Q

What is state-dependent retrieval cues

A

Memory is helped or hindered by similarities or differences in a personal internal state during learning (i.e. learn something new while drinking, you will likely forget)

35
Q

What is the decay theory

A

Memories fade away or decay gradually if unused

36
Q

What are two explanation for the decay theory

A

Memories not Encoded

Memories not meaningful

37
Q

What is amnesia

A

Severe loss of memory

38
Q

What is retrograde amnesia

A

Loss of memory prior to brain damage (i.e. auto accident)

39
Q

What is anterograde amnesia

A

Inability to form new memories (i.e. past may be intact but new memories are lost; for example 50 first dates)

40
Q

What are 2 forms of amnesia

A

Retrograde

Anterograde

41
Q

What are some ways to improve your memory

A 
Mnemonic devices
Narratives
Distributed Practice
Studying in Depth
visual Imagery
Keywords

Psychology General (24 decks)

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