Chapter 5 Terms

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

A person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind.

Question 2

Phenomenology

Answer 2

The study of how things seem to the conscious person.

Question 3

Problem of other minds

Answer 3

The fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others.

Question 4

Mind-body problem

Answer 4

The issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body.

Question 5

Cocktail-party phenomenon

Answer 5

A phenomenon in which people tune in one message, even while they filter out others nearby.

Question 6

Minimal Consciousness

Answer 6

A low-level kind of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behavioral.

Question 7

Full Consciousness

Answer 7

A level of consciousness in which you know and are able to report your mental state.

Question 8

Self-consciousness

Answer 8

A distinct level of consciousness in which the person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object.

Question 9

Mental Control

Answer 9

The attempt to change conscious states of mind.

Question 10

Thought suppression

Answer 10

The conscious avoidance of a thought.

Question 11

Rebound effect of thought suppression

Answer 11

The tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression.

Question 12

Ironic processes of mental control

Answer 12

A metal process can produce ironic errors because monitoring for errors can itself produce them.

Question 13

Dynamic Unconscious

Answer 13

An active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person’s deepest instincts and desires, an the person’s inner struggle to control these forces.

Question 14

Repression

Answer 14

A mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness and keeps them in the unconscious.

Question 15

Cognitive Unconscious

Answer 15

All the mental processes that give rise to a person’s thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior, even though they are not experienced by the person.

Question 16

Duel Process Theories

Answer 16

Theories that suggest that we have two different systems in our brains for processing information: one dedicated to fast, automatic, and unconscious processing and the other dedicated to slow, effortful, and conscious processing.

Question 17

Subliminal Perception

Answer 17

Thought or behavior that is influenced by stimuli that a person cannot consciously report perceiving.

Question 18

Altered State of Consciousness

Answer 18

A form of experience that departs significantly from the normal subjective experience of the world and mind.

Question 19

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 19

A naturally occurring 24-hour cycle.

Question 20

REM sleep

Answer 20

A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity.

Question 21

Insomnia

Answer 21

Difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep.

Question 22

Sleep Apnea

Answer 22

A disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep.

Question 23

Somnambulism (Sleepwalking)

Answer 23

Occurs when a person arises and walks around while sleeping.

Question 24

Narcolepsy

Answer 24

A disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities.

Question 25

Sleep Paralysis

Answer 25

The experience of waking up unable to move.

Question 26

Night Terrors (Sleep Terrors)

Answer 26

Abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emptional arousal.

Question 27

Activation-Synthesis Model

Answer 27

The theory that dreams ae produced when the brain attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs during sleep.

Question 28

Psychoactive Drugs

Answer 28

Chemicals that influence consciousness or behavior by altering the brain’s chemical message system.

Question 29

Drug Tolerance

Answer 29

The tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect.

Question 30

Depressants

Answer 30

Substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system.

Question 31

Expectancy Theory

Answer 31

The idea that alcohol effects can be produced by people’s expectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular sitations.

Question 32

Alcohol Myopia

Answer 32

A condition that results when alcohol hampers attention, leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situation.

Question 33

Stimulants

Answer 33

Substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels.

Question 34

Narcotics (Opiates)

Answer 34

Highly addictive drugs derived from opium hat relieve pain.

Question 35

Hallucinogens

Answer 35

Drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations.

Question 36

Marijuana (Cannabis)

Answer 36

The leaves and buds of the temp plant, which contain a psychoactive drug called tetrahydrocannobinol (THC).

Question 37

Gateway Drug

Answer 37

A drug whose use increases the risk of the subsequent use of more harmful drugs.

Question 38

Hypnosis

Answer 38

A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) makes suggestions that lead to a change in another person’s (the subjects) subjective experience of the world.

Question 39

Posthypnotic Amnesia

Answer 39

The failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget.

Question 40

Hypnotic Analgesia

Answer 40

The reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis.