Chapter 7: Resting Assessments and Anthropometric Measurements Flashcards
Heart Rate
The number of heart beats per minute.
Blood Pressure
The pressure exerted
by the blood on the walls of the arteries; measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) with a sphygmomanometer.
Flexibility
The ability to move joints through their normal full ranges of motion.
Thermoregulation
Regulation of the body’s temperature.
Ventral
Relating to, or situated on or close to, the anterior aspect of the human body.
Palpation
The use of hands and/or fingers to detect anatomical structures or an arterial pulse.
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body, or the outside,
Stroke Volume
The amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle of the heart with each beat.
Resting Heart Rate
The number of heartbeats per minute when the body is at complete rest; usually counted first thing in the morning before any physical activity.
Systolic BP
The pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls during ventricular contraction.
Diastolic BP
The pressure in the arteries during the relaxation phase (diastole) of the cardiac cycle; indicative of total peripheral resistance.
Korotkoff Sounds
Five different sounds created by the pulsing of the blood through the brachial artery; proper distinction of the sounds is necessary to determine blood pressure.
Systole
The contracting phase of the cardiac cycle.
Diastole
The period of filling the heart between contractions.
Lean Body Mass
The components of the body (apart from fat), including muscles, bones, nervous tissue, skin, blood, and organs.
Connective Tissue
The tissue that binds together and supports various structures of the body. Ligaments and tendons are connective tissues.
Subcutaneous fat
Fatty deposits or pads of storage fat found under the skin.
Visceral fat
Pertaining to the internal organs and the fat around them.
Adipose
Fat cells stored in adipose tissue.
Essential Body Fat
Fat thought to be necessary for maintenance of life and reproductive function.
Overfat
The presence of excess body fat that may impair health, even informal weight people.
Hydrostatic Weighing
Weighing a person fully submerged in water. The difference between the person’s mass in air and in water is used to calculate body density, which can be used to estimate the proportion of fat in the body.
Air Displacement Plethysmography
A body-composition assessment technique
based on the same body volume measurement principle as hydrostatic weighing; uses air instead of water.
Dual energy x ray absorptiometry
An imaging technique that uses a very low dose of radiation to measure bone density. Can also be used for measuring fat.
Near infrared interactance
A body comp assessment method that involves using light absorption and reflection to estimate the percent of fat and fat free mass.
Stadiometer
A device for measuring height and it typically has a sliding horizontal rod and a vertical ruler and adjusted to rest on top of the head.
BMI
A relative measure of body height to body weight used to determine levels of weight, from undenrueight to extreme obesity.
BMI Classification “Underweight”
<18.5
BMI Classification “Normal”
18.5 - 24.9
BMI Classification “Overweight”
25 - 29.9
BMI Classification “Obesity”
30 - 39.9
BMI Classification “Extreme Obesity”
> 40
Waist - Hip Ratio
A useful measure for determining health risk due to the site of fat storage. Calculated by dividing the ratio of abdominal girth (waist measurement) by the hip measurement.
Insulin Resistance
An inability of muscle tissue to effectively use insulin, where the action of insulin is “resisted” by insulin- sensitive tissues.
Body Composition
The makeup of the body in terms of the relative percentage of fat-free mass and body fat.
Body Fat
A component of the body, the primary role of which is to store energy for later use.
Bone Density
A measurement that expresses total body mass or weight relative to body volume or the amount of space or area that the body occupies.
Bioelectrical Impedance
A body-composition assessment technique that measures the amount of impedance, or resistance, to electric current flow as
it passes through the body. lmpedance is greatest in fat tissue, while fat-free mass, which containsT0-75% water, allows the electrical current to pass much more easily.
