Chapter 13: Considerations for Clients with Chronic Disease

Question 1

Metabolic Syndrome

Answer 1

A cluster of factors associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease and diabetes-abdominal obesity indicated by a waist circumference >40 inches (lA2 cm) in men and >35 inches (88 cm) in women; levels
of triglyceride >75$ mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L); HDL levels <40 and 50 mg/dl (1.0 and 1.3 mmol/L) in men and women, respectively; blood-pressure levels 2130/85 mmHg; and fasting blood glucose levels >100 mg/dl (5.6 mmol/L).

Question 2

Heart Disease

Answer 2

A structural or functional abnormality of the heart or of the blood vessels supplying the heart that impairs its normal functioning.

Question 3

Stroke

Answer 3

A sudden and often severe attack due to blockage of an artery into the brain,

Question 4

Risk Factors

Answer 4

A characteristic, inherited trait, or behavior related to the presence or development of a condition or disease.

Question 5

SOAP note

Answer 5

A communication tool used among healthcare professionals; SOAP stands for subjective, objective, assessment, plan.

Question 6

Atherosclerosis

Answer 6

A specific form of arteriosclerosis characterized by the accumulation of fatty material on the inner walls of the arteries, causing them to harden, thicken, and lose elasticity.

Question 7

Congestive Heart Failure

Answer 7

lnability of the heart to pump blood at a sufficient rate to meet the metabolic demand or the ability to do so only when the cardiac filling pressures are abnormally high, frequently resulting in lung congestion.

Question 8

Angioplasty

Answer 8

A surgical procedure that involves inserting a catheter into a blocked coronary artery. A narrow balloon is then inflated inside the artery, to widen the artery. Also called percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA).

Question 9

Ischemia

Answer 9

A decrease in the blood supply to a bodily organ, tissue, or part caused by constriction or obstruction of the blood vessels.

Question 10

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

Answer 10

An eating plan designed to reduce the blood pressure.

Question 11

Sarcopenia

Answer 11

Decreased muscle mass; often used to refer specifically to an age-related decline in muscle mass or lean-body tissue.

Question 12

Hyperventilation

Answer 12

A greater than normal rate of breathing that results in an abnormal loss of carbon dioxide from the blood.

Question 13

Osteopenia

Answer 13

Bone density that is below average, classified as 1.0 to 2.5 standard deviations below peak bone density.