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Personality Theory > Chapter 7: Psychosocial Perspective (Ego Psychology) > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Psychosocial Perspective (Ego Psychology) Flashcards

1
Q

Psychosocial Perspective (Neoanalytic)

A
  • based on psychoanalytic theory

- conflict between id and superego must be resolved by the ego: ego strength

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2
Q

NeoFreudians Disagreement with Traditional Theory

A
  • emphasis on sexuality and death
  • emphasis on the unconscious
  • neglect of the ego
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3
Q

Neoanalytic Emphasis

A
  • ego functioning: ego processes (erikson theory of development)
  • ego relationships: interaction between the ego and others (attachments, self psychology)
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4
Q

Principles of Ego Psychology

A
  • shift emphasis from id to ego
  • ego exists at birth
  • ego acts autonomously
  • cognitive processes of ego can be satisfying in themselves
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5
Q

Ego Emphasis

A
  • freud: focus of ego as mediator

- NA: ego is responsible for adaptation (conscious processes)

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6
Q

Motivation and Ego Processes

A
  • effectance motivation

- competence motivation

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7
Q

Effectance Motivation

A

motive to have an effect on one’s surroundings: outlet for ego energy, evolves into competence motivation

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8
Q

Competence Motivation

A

motive to be effective when dealing with the environment (growth, curiosity, learning)

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9
Q

Adler: Inferiority and Competence Striving

A
  • feelings of inferiority motivate striving for competency

- compensate for inferiority by striving superiority

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10
Q

Adler: Adaptive Compensation Striving

A

meaningful goal attainment

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11
Q

Adler: Maladaptive Compensation Striving

A

desire to dominate, taking without earning

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12
Q

Adler: Birth Order Psychology

A
  • different treatment depending on birth order
  • influences personality
  • determines inferiority, competence, striving
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13
Q

Adler: The Firstborn

A
  • receives attention
  • high expectations
  • want to maintain center of attention
  • born leaders, achievers
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14
Q

Adler: The Secondborn

A
  • never had the power in the family
  • always had a rival
  • less sensitive to power issues
  • always have to catch up with the firstborn
  • leads to constant striving for superiority
  • diplomatic, flexible, sociable
  • best position in which to start life
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15
Q

Adler: The Youngest Child

A
  • always had a rival
  • spoiled, indulged
  • perceived value of striving is diminished
  • rebellious, creative, entertaining, attention-seekers
  • worst position in which to start life
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16
Q

Scientific Evidence of Birthorder

A
  • firstborns have higher IQs
  • lastborns have lower academic achievement
  • little scientific support on effect on personality
17
Q

Ego Control

A

ability to inhibit expression of impulses

18
Q

Ego Resiliency

A

modify ego control to adapt to demands of a situation

  • high ego resiliency: adaptive, resourceful
  • low ego resiliency: ego brittleness
19
Q

Karen Horney’s View of Inferiority

A
  • feminist psychology
  • reject concept of freud: penis envy
  • men envy women’s role in childbirth: led to inferiority
  • men compensate for inferiority: strong need to achieve
  • women feel inferior because of cultural or social oppression: not penis envy
20
Q

Karen Horney’s View of Personality

A
  • people are born with basic anxiety
  • neurotic needs: distorted basic needs
  • children combat anxiety by: being the perfect child, narcissism, bullying
  • vicious cycle: basic anxiety - insecurity - heightened awareness - need of love - unmet need - deeper need - more basic anxiety and insecurity
  • cycle can only be broken with affection needs being met
21
Q

Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

A

individuals pass through stages of development: at each stage ego must resolve a conflict - ego maturation

22
Q

Erikson’s Theory

A
  • ego identity: consciously experienced sense of self
  • competence: need to feel competent and adequate
  • during each stage a person experiences crisis
  • period for high potential of growth and vulnerability
  • crisis resolution = determinant for personality
23
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages

A
  1. trust vs mistrust (infancy)
  2. autonomy vs shame and doubt (early childhood)
  3. initiative vs guilt (preschool)
  4. industry vs inferiority (school)
  5. identity vs role confusion (adolescence)
  6. intimacy vs isolation (young adulthood)
  7. generativity vs stagnation (adulthood)
  8. ego integrity vs despair (old age)
24
Q

Trust vs Mistrust

A
  • basic conflict: learning to trust the world
  • resolve conflict: security and trust
  • ego strength: hope, optimism
25
Q

Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt

A
  • basic conflict: sense of autonomy in actions
  • resolved conflict: sense of control
  • unresolved: feeling unable to act independently
  • ego strength: will determination
26
Q

Initiative vs Guilt

A
  • basic conflict: power struggle, desire to impose own will
  • resolve conflict: curiosity and exploration
  • too powerful: leads to disapproval and guilt
  • ego strength: purpose, pursue goals
27
Q

Industry vs Inferiority

A
  • basic conflict: desire to accomplish things that other perceive as valuable
  • resolve conflict: feelings of mastery
  • unresolved: inferiority, regression
  • ego strength: competence
28
Q

Identity vs Role Confusion

A
  • basic conflict: desire to figure out who you are
  • resolve conflict: sense of identity
  • ego strength: fidelity to oneself, truthfulness, loyalty
29
Q

Intimacy vs Isolation

A
  • basic conflict: desire to form social relationships
  • resolve conflict: ability to form consistent, intimate, stable relationship
  • ego strength: love
30
Q

Generativity vs. Stagnation

A
  • basic conflict: desire to create things in the world, leave your mark
  • resolve conflict: creativity, contribute to society through work and career
  • unresolved: lack of growth (depression)
  • ego strength: care or caring
31
Q

Ego Integrity vs Despair

A
  • basic conflict: reflect on life
  • resolve conflict: believe that life had meaning, sense of satisfaction, integrity in face of impending death
  • unresolved: despair and fear of death
  • ego strength: wisdom
32
Q

The Epigenetic Principle

A
  • issues that need to be resolved in each stage are present throughout the whole lifespan
  • each crisis is especially important during the corresponding stage, but will need to be addressed throughout life
  • crises are actually never completely resolved
  • as dealing with one crisis you are preparing for the next

Personality Theory (16 decks)

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