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Personality Theory > Chapter 6: Psychoanalytic Perspective (Psychoanalytic Structure and Process) > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Psychoanalytic Perspective (Psychoanalytic Structure and Process) Flashcards

1
Q

Major Assumption

A
  • personality made up of set of dynamic processes or forces
  • dynamic forces can conflict with each other: responsible for motivation
  • motivation is largely unconscious
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2
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Topographical Model of the Mind: conscious, preconscious, unconscious

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3
Q

The Conscious

A

awareness

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4
Q

The Preconscious

A

memory, outside the conscious but can be brought to the conscious mind

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5
Q

The Unconscious

A

outside the conscious awareness

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6
Q

Freund’s Structural Model of the Mind

A
  • ID
  • EGO
  • SUPEREGO
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7
Q

The ID

A
  • the hedonist
  • basic drives, motives and instincts
  • operates on pleasure principle: when drives cause pressure or tension, ID acts to discharge the tension
  • Primary Process Thinking: imagine what will fulfill need and form fantasy of it
  • ID is totally irrational, wishes are unsatisfactory and unrealistic: operates in inner world
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8
Q

The Ego

A
  • the mediator
  • one’s sense of self
  • operates on reality principle: transforms the ID’s urges into actions that will be effective and realistic: takes external world into account
  • secondary process thinking: delays gratification of ID urges until it is appropriate (reality testing: problem solving, executive functioning)
  • Ego has no moral sense, pragmatic and value free
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9
Q

The Superego

A
  • one’s sense of right and wrong
  • embodies values of parents, family and society
  • inner conflicts are resolved as introjection
  • divided into two parts
    1. ego-ideal values: conforming to values of ego ideal feels good
    2. the conscience: sense of wrong and prohibited behavior: punishes with guilt after the behavior
  • superego operates on all levels of consciousness
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10
Q

Conflict between ID and SUPEREGO

A
  • resolved by the ego (ego strength)
  • ego puts the breaks on the Id
  • superego directs id behavior in a moral way
  • healthy personality: balance between all drives
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11
Q

Unresolved conflicts of Id, Superego, Ego

A
  • lead to anxiety and neurosis

- goal of psychoanalysis: discover unresolved conflict through introspection, free association, dream analysis

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12
Q

Drive

A

a biological need state which leads to a psychological need or desire

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13
Q

2 Types of Drives

A
  1. Eros

2. Thanatos

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14
Q

Drive Eros

A
  • life instincts
  • survival
  • sex
  • reproduction
  • pleasure
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15
Q

Drive Thanatos

A
  • death instinct
  • all humans desire to return to inanimate state
  • aggression stems from death instinct
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16
Q

Interpretation of Dreams

A
  • dreams as wish fulfillment
  • manifest content (overt)
  • latent content (unconscious): too taboo to enter conscious mind, takes symbolic form
17
Q

Catharsis

A
  • tension builds as a result of drives
  • release of emotional tension is called catharsis
  • important concept in psychodynamic therapies
18
Q

Ego-Defense Mechanisms

A

defense mechanisms: strategies for reducing anxiety caused by thoughts, desires, or impulses

  • helpful in short-run, but unhealthy in long-run
  • ex. repression
19
Q

Special Defense: Displacement

A
  • changing the way blocked energy or impulse is expressed
  • transfer object
  • anger towards boss, expressed toward boyfriend
  • considered neurotic defense
20
Q

Special Defenses: Sublimation

A
  • transfer of energy or object so that expression becomes socially acceptable
  • e.g. aggression, play football instead
  • considered a natural defense
  • move beyond ID drives and become civilized
21
Q

Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development

A
  • in each stage, libido is discharged through specific part of the body
  • successful progression through stages: healthy personality
  • unsuccessful progression through stages: fixiation
  • fixiation: libido gets stuck in that stage, harder to resolve conflicts
22
Q

Oral Stage

A
  • birth to 18 months
  • main source of stimulation: mouth
  • mouth brings tension reduction and pleasure
  • process: eating
  • oral sadistic phase: pleasure from chewing, biting
23
Q

Oral Stage Personality Traits

A
  • optimism, trust, dependency, gullibility
  • related to traits of verbal aggression
  • oral character: eating, drinking, smoking, nail biting
24
Q

Anal Stage

A
  • 18 month to 3 years
  • anus focus of libido
  • sexual pleasure comes from defecation
  • toilet training: external control over internal urge
25
Q

Anal Stage Personality Traits

A
  • toilet training with praise: adult productivity and creativity
  • toilet training with punishment: rebellious, withholding
26
Q

Phallic Stage

A
  • 3 to 5 years
  • genitals
  • first: pleasure from self - masturbation begins
  • later: opposite sex focus
  • hostility for same sex parent begins
27
Q

Phallic Stage: Oedipus Complex

A
  • boys first sexual longings for another in the person of his mother
  • castration fear
28
Q

Phallic Stage: Electra Complex

A
  • girls first sexual longings for another in the person of her father
  • penis envy
29
Q

Phallic Stage Personality Traits

A
  • successful resolution of this stage leads to identification with same-sex parent
  • unsuccessful resolution: machismo, sexual aggression, workaholic, flirtatious, seductive, impotence
30
Q

Latency Period

A
  • age 6 to puberty
  • sexual and aggressive drives are less powerful
  • ego and super ego continue to emerge and develop
  • focus on intellectual pursuits
31
Q

Genital Stage

A
  • puberty through adulthood
  • libido focus on genitals
  • Freud: only a few people pass this stage successfully
32
Q

Genital Stage Personality Traits

A
  • healthy: sexual desire for others, desire for mutual attachment and sexual gratification
  • control over sexual impulses
33
Q

Psychoanalytic Perspective CONs

A
  • vague, ambiguous, concepts are not operationally defined
  • concepts cannot be easily tested, little evidence
  • much based on Freuds experience with only a small set of patients
34
Q

Psychoanalytic Perspective PROs

A
  • understanding of unconscious drives

- highlight importance of early childhood in formation of personality

Personality Theory (16 decks)

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