Chapter 7: Psychological Disorders Flashcards
A schizophrenic patient is started in the atypical antipsychotic risperidone, which is effective for treatment of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, but not the negative symptoms explain to the patient which of their symptoms are likely to improve and which are not.
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia, including delusions, hallucinations (usually auditory), disorganizd though, and dis organized behavior, are likely to improve from treatment with an antipsychotic medication.
Negative symptoms inclusing disturbances of affect and avolition, are largely unaffected by antipsychotic medicines.
What are the features of a major depressive episode and a mainc episode.
- Major Depressive Episode
- Manic Episode
- Major Depressive Episode
- Includes a 2 week duration of at least five of the following symptoms: depressed mood, loss of interest (anhedonia), sleep disturbances, feelings of guilt, lack of energy, difficuly concentrating, changes in apetite. At least one of the symptoms must be depresed mood or anhedonia.
- Manic Episode
- One week duration of at least three of the following symptoms: elevated or expansive mood, distractability, decreased need for sleep, grandiosity, flight of ideas or racing thoughts, agitation, presured speech, and engagement in risky behavior.
For each of the following disorders, briefly describe their makeup with respect to depressive episodes, manic episodes, and other mood distrubances.
- Major depressive disorder:
- Bipolar I disorder:
- Bipolar II disorder:
- Cyclothmic disorder:
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Major depressive disorder:
- Contains at least one major depressice episode with no manic episodes.
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Bipolar I disorder:
- Has at least one manic episode with or without depressive episodes.
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Bipolar II disorder:
- Has at least one hypomanic episode with at least one major depressive episode.
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Cyclothmic disorder:
- Has hypomanic episodes and dysthymia that is not severe enough to be a major depressice episode.
A patient with Obsessive-compulsive disorder believes that they must check the latch on their apartment door five time before they go to bed. If she does not check the latch five times she cannot sleep for fear that someone will break into her apartment. Identify her obsessiion, compulsion, and how they are relaed in Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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Obsession:
- Obsessions are persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses that produse tension. In this case, the obsession is the patients thought that someone will break into her apartment.
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Compulsion:
- Compulsions are repetitive task that relive tension but cause significant impairment in a peron’s life. The patient’s compulsion is that she must check the latch on her apartment door five times before going to bed.
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Relationship:
- Their relationship is that obsessions raise tension while compulsions relieve that tension.
What features descibe each cluster of personality disorders? Which personality disorders fall into each cluster?
- Cluster A
- Features:
- Personality Disorders:
- Cluster B
- Features:
- Personality Disorders:
- Cluster C
- Features:
- Personality Disorders:
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Cluster A
- Features: Odd or eccentric
- Personality Disorders: Paranoid, Schizotypal, Schizoid
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Cluster B
- Features: Dramatic, emotional, or erratic
- Personality Disorders: Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
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Cluster C
- Features: Anxious or fearful
- Personality Disorders: Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive
Monoamine (Catecholamine) theory of depression
Says that too much norepinephrine and serotnin in the synapse leads to mania, while too little leads to depression.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
persistent worry about many different things.
Acrophobia
Fear of heights
arachnophobia
fear of spiders
Social Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety due to social situations. Fear when exposed to social or performance situations that result in embarrassment.
For example: deliveing a speech, socializing at a party, or using a public restroom.
Agoraphobia
Anxiety disorder characterized by fear of being in places or in situations where it might be hard for an individual to escape.
Panic disorder
This disorder consist of repeated panic attacks.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
OCD is charaterized by obsessions (persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses), which produce tension. And compulsions (repetitive tasks) that relive tension but cause significant impairment in a person’s life.
Body dysmorphic disorder
A person has an unrealistic negative evaluation of his or her personal appearance and attractiveness, usuallly directed toward a certain body part.
Posttraumatic stress disorder
PTSD occurs after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.
