Chapter 7 (Part 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Ecology

A

is a division of biology that describes how organisms live in their environment

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2
Q

Evolution

A

the change in the inherited traits in a population of organisms over time

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3
Q

Ecology and evolution are related in that…

A

evolution is the consequence of ecology over time

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4
Q

Populations of a specific species evolve by…

A

passing on alleles to the next generation at different rates

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5
Q

Individual organisms do not evolve…

A

In an individual – heritable traits are already determined through their DNA so they can’t evolve

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6
Q

T/F - individuals can adapt to environmental changes

A

True

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7
Q

Adaptation involves…

A

regulating the expression of
certain genes

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8
Q

Evolution is a result of…

A

reproductive success

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9
Q

Charles Darwin applied the idea…

A

‘survival of the fittest’ to his theory of evolution by natural selection

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10
Q

selection pressures

A

Environmental conditions that affect an individual’s ability to survive

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11
Q

Natural selection

A

the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype in a certain
environment.

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12
Q

What does ‘survival of the fittest’ mean?

A

Individuals born with traits that are beneficial for the current environment tend to survive over others

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13
Q

Genetic variation

A

exists in individuals in a population
(different alleles)

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14
Q

T/F - DNA changes that occur in
gametes will be passed on to
offspring

A

True

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15
Q

T/F - Offspring with traits that
are beneficial to present
environment are more
likely to survive

A

true

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16
Q

only offspring who survive to reproduce can pass on their

A

alleles

17
Q

lover long periods of time, genetic makeup and phenotypes in a population will…

A

gradually change (microevolution)

18
Q

Microevolution

A

small changes to the characteristics
of a population over time

19
Q

Macroevolution

A

large-scale changes to the characteristics of a population that give rise to new species

20
Q

What did Darwin invent?

A

invented one possible mechanism for evolution

21
Q

Lamarck proposed…

A

that evolution occurred by the
inheritance of acquired characteristics

22
Q

according to darwin, the variations is not created by experience but…

A

already exists as variations in the
phenotype

23
Q

Genetically, only DNA changes in _________ affect offspring.

A

gametes

24
Q

Epigenetics

A

New information recently shows that
some gene regulation changes that occur in people can be passed on to their children, so some genes are
up- or down-regulated based on their environment, and their children can also have the same regulation.

25
Q

Example of microevolution

A

antibiotic resistance in bacteria

26
Q

selective breeding

A
  • breeding for certain traits that breeders preferred.
  • The resulting differences
    between breeds are more
    extreme than what would
    have occurred in nature.
  • Darwin termed this form of
    selection artificial selection