Chapter 7 (Part 1)

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

is a division of biology that describes how organisms live in their environment

Question 2

Evolution

Answer 2

the change in the inherited traits in a population of organisms over time

Question 3

Ecology and evolution are related in that…

Answer 3

evolution is the consequence of ecology over time

Question 4

Populations of a specific species evolve by…

Answer 4

passing on alleles to the next generation at different rates

Question 5

Individual organisms do not evolve…

Answer 5

In an individual – heritable traits are already determined through their DNA so they can’t evolve

Question 6

T/F - individuals can adapt to environmental changes

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Adaptation involves…

Answer 7

regulating the expression of
certain genes

Question 8

Evolution is a result of…

Answer 8

reproductive success

Question 9

Charles Darwin applied the idea…

Answer 9

‘survival of the fittest’ to his theory of evolution by natural selection

Question 10

selection pressures

Answer 10

Environmental conditions that affect an individual’s ability to survive

Question 11

Natural selection

Answer 11

the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype in a certain
environment.

Question 12

What does ‘survival of the fittest’ mean?

Answer 12

Individuals born with traits that are beneficial for the current environment tend to survive over others

Question 13

Genetic variation

Answer 13

exists in individuals in a population
(different alleles)

Question 14

T/F - DNA changes that occur in
gametes will be passed on to
offspring

Answer 14

True

Question 15

T/F - Offspring with traits that
are beneficial to present
environment are more
likely to survive

Answer 15

true

Question 16

only offspring who survive to reproduce can pass on their

Answer 16

alleles

Question 17

lover long periods of time, genetic makeup and phenotypes in a population will…

Answer 17

gradually change (microevolution)

Question 18

Microevolution

Answer 18

small changes to the characteristics
of a population over time

Question 19

Macroevolution

Answer 19

large-scale changes to the characteristics of a population that give rise to new species

Question 20

What did Darwin invent?

Answer 20

invented one possible mechanism for evolution

Question 21

Lamarck proposed…

Answer 21

that evolution occurred by the
inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 22

according to darwin, the variations is not created by experience but…

Answer 22

already exists as variations in the
phenotype

Question 23

Genetically, only DNA changes in _________ affect offspring.

Answer 23

gametes

Question 24

Epigenetics

Answer 24

New information recently shows that
some gene regulation changes that occur in people can be passed on to their children, so some genes are
up- or down-regulated based on their environment, and their children can also have the same regulation.

Question 25

Example of microevolution

Answer 25

antibiotic resistance in bacteria

Question 26

selective breeding

Answer 26

• breeding for certain traits that breeders preferred.
• The resulting differences
  between breeds are more
  extreme than what would
  have occurred in nature.
• Darwin termed this form of
  selection artificial selection