Biology Chapter 3 (part 2)

Question 1

Duffusion

Answer 1

molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the need of energy (ATP

Question 2

What particles can’t moved across the membrane without help?

Answer 2

large, and/or charged particles

Question 3

large and/or charge particles can move through a membrane by

Answer 3

membrane proteins

Question 4

Diffusion always moves __________ equilibrium

Answer 4

towards

Question 5

Osmosis

Answer 5

water moves from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration, and no ATP is required

Question 6

water moves solute from…

Answer 6

low to higher solute concentrations

Question 7

water moves from…

Answer 7

high water to low water

Question 8

molecules that can cross the membrane easily are…

Answer 8

oxygen, CO2, nitrogen, glycerol, and water

Question 9

even though water is polar, what is the only exception for why it can move across the membrane easily?

Answer 9

It is because it is a small molecule

Question 10

water can also move through membrane proteins called…

Answer 10

aquaporins

Question 11

concentration gradient

Answer 11

increases diffusion

Question 12

temperature

Answer 12

increases diffusion

Question 13

surface area

Answer 13

increase diffusion

Question 14

diffusion distance

Answer 14

decreases diffusion

Question 15

size of molecule

Answer 15

decreases diffusion

Question 16

water moves according to its…

Answer 16

concentration gradients

Question 17

the movement of water depends on the concentration of…

Answer 17

other substances in a solution

Question 18

what is a solute?

Answer 18

a component of a solution, gets dissolved in a solvent

Question 19

what is solvent?

Answer 19

usually a liquid and is usually water

Question 20

osmotic concentration

Answer 20

The concentration of all molecules dissolved in a solution

Question 21

hypertonic

Answer 21

Solutions with a higher concentration of solutes compared to the cell

Question 22

hypotonic

Answer 22

Solutions with a lower concentration of solutes compared to the cell

Question 23

isotonic

Answer 23

Solutions with equal osmotic concentrations to the cell

Question 24

osmotic pressure

Answer 24

Movement of water by osmosis into a cell causes pressure

Question 25

Enough pressure may cause a cell to...

Answer 25

swell and burst

Question 26

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 26

occurs when the cell membrane specifically controls what enters and leaves the cel

Question 27

Facilitated diffusion uses

Answer 27

membrane proteins for transporting substances across the membrane

Question 28

Transport occurs in the same direction as the concentration gradient, so...

Answer 28

ATP is not required

Question 29

Ion Channels

Answer 29

Proteins can act as open channels for whatever is small enough to fit inside the channel

Question 30

Carrier Proteins

Answer 30

Proteins can act as carriers that can bind to specific molecules and transport them

Question 31

If there are not enough carriers, the transport can become

Answer 31

saturated

Question 32

Active transport

Answer 32

* Utilizes proteins that function only when energy (ATP) is supplied * Energy is used to pump substances against their concentration gradient * This allows cells to maintain high or low concentrations of certain molecules

Question 33

coupled transport/ Co-transport

Answer 33

The cell membrane has many facilitated diffusion channels for Na+ which are sometimes partnered with movement of another substance

Question 34

The concentration gradient that favours the entry of Na+ into the cell is so strong that...

Answer 34

a coupled substance will be transported even if it is against its concentration gradient

Question 35

if the transported substance moves in the same direction as the transported ions

Answer 35

the process is called Symport

Question 36

If the transported substance moves in the opposite direction as the transported ions

Answer 36

the process is called Antiport

Question 37

Endocytosis

Answer 37

engulfing of substances outside the cell in order to form a vesicle that is brought inside the cell

Question 38

Exocytosis

Answer 38

the discharge of substances from vesicles at the inner surface of the cell

Question 39

Phagocytosis

Answer 39

the endocytosis of particulate (solid) matter (eating)

Question 40

Pinocytosis

Answer 40

the endocytosis of liquid matter (drinking)