Biology Chapter 3 (part 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Duffusion

A

molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the need of energy (ATP

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2
Q

What particles can’t moved across the membrane without help?

A

large, and/or charged particles

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3
Q

large and/or charge particles can move through a membrane by

A

membrane proteins

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4
Q

Diffusion always moves __________ equilibrium

A

towards

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5
Q

Osmosis

A

water moves from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration, and no ATP is required

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6
Q

water moves solute from…

A

low to higher solute concentrations

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7
Q

water moves from…

A

high water to low water

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8
Q

molecules that can cross the membrane easily are…

A

oxygen, CO2, nitrogen, glycerol, and water

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9
Q

even though water is polar, what is the only exception for why it can move across the membrane easily?

A

It is because it is a small molecule

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10
Q

water can also move through membrane proteins called…

A

aquaporins

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11
Q

concentration gradient

A

increases diffusion

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12
Q

temperature

A

increases diffusion

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13
Q

surface area

A

increase diffusion

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14
Q

diffusion distance

A

decreases diffusion

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15
Q

size of molecule

A

decreases diffusion

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16
Q

water moves according to its…

A

concentration gradients

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17
Q

the movement of water depends on the concentration of…

A

other substances in a solution

18
Q

what is a solute?

A

a component of a solution, gets dissolved in a solvent

19
Q

what is solvent?

A

usually a liquid and is usually water

20
Q

osmotic concentration

A

The concentration of all molecules dissolved in a solution

21
Q

hypertonic

A

Solutions with a higher concentration of solutes compared to the cell

22
Q

hypotonic

A

Solutions with a lower concentration of solutes compared to the cell

23
Q

isotonic

A

Solutions with equal osmotic concentrations to the cell

24
Q

osmotic pressure

A

Movement of water by osmosis into a cell causes pressure

25
Q

Enough pressure may cause a cell to…

A

swell and burst

26
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

occurs when the cell membrane
specifically controls what enters and leaves the cel

27
Q

Facilitated diffusion uses

A

membrane proteins for transporting
substances across the membrane

28
Q

Transport occurs in the same direction as the concentration gradient, so…

A

ATP is not required

29
Q

Ion Channels

A

Proteins can act as open channels for whatever is small enough to fit inside the channel

30
Q

Carrier Proteins

A

Proteins can act as carriers that can bind to specific molecules and transport them

31
Q

If there are not enough carriers, the transport can become

A

saturated

32
Q

Active transport

A
  • Utilizes proteins that function only when energy (ATP) is supplied
  • Energy is used to pump substances against their concentration gradient
  • This allows cells to maintain high or low concentrations of certain molecules
33
Q

coupled transport/ Co-transport

A

The cell membrane has many facilitated diffusion channels
for Na+ which are sometimes partnered with movement of
another substance

34
Q

The concentration gradient that favours the entry of Na+ into the cell is so strong that…

A

a coupled substance will be transported even if it is against its concentration gradient

35
Q

if the transported substance moves in the same direction as the transported ions

A

the process is called Symport

36
Q

If the transported substance moves in the opposite direction
as the transported ions

A

the process is called Antiport

37
Q

Endocytosis

A

engulfing of substances outside the cell in order to form a vesicle that is brought inside the cell

38
Q

Exocytosis

A

the discharge of substances from vesicles at the inner surface of the cell

39
Q

Phagocytosis

A

the endocytosis of particulate (solid)
matter (eating)

40
Q

Pinocytosis

A

the endocytosis of liquid matter (drinking)