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Biology Spring Upgrading > Biology Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Biology Chapter 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

genetic variations are important for

A

the survival of populations of organisms

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2
Q

Diversity of physical traits increases what?

A

the likelihood that some individuals in a population will survive a major environmental change

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3
Q

how many species are currently known to be living on earth?

A

8.7 million species

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4
Q

genetics

A

involves the code found in your DNA that can be passed from one generation to the next

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5
Q

physical traits

A

the products created by an organism due to the genetic code. can be influenced by the environment

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6
Q

T/F - can different genetic codes produce the same physical trait?

A

true

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7
Q

what are the 6 kingdoms

A

archaebacteria, eubacteria, Protista, fungi, plants, and animals

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8
Q

What are the 3 domains

A

domain archaea, domain bacteria, and domain eukarya

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9
Q

Domain Archaea

A

Includes Kingdom Archaebacteria. Prokaryotic, single-celled
organisms that live in harsh environments.

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10
Q

Domain Bacteria

A

Includes Kingdom Eubacteria. Prokaryotic cells that are
generally single-celled (but some multicellular forms exist)

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11
Q

Domain Eukarya

A

‘Includes the kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
All members of this domain have eukaryotic cells

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12
Q

Prokaryotic organisms

A
  • Simple cell structure
  • No membrane-bound organelles
  • DNA is located in the cytoplasm
  • Other structures include ribosomes and a cell wall
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13
Q

Eukaryotic organisms

A
  • Complex cell structure
  • Contain membrane-bound organelles (ie. nuclei, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, etc.)
  • Cells are larger than prokaryotic cells, with more DNA, and more complex organization of genetic material
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14
Q

Archaebacteria

A
  • Single-celled
  • Prokaryotic
  • Primitive
  • Live in extreme environments
    → very high temperatures
    → very low temperatures
    → highly saline environments
    → highly acidic environments
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15
Q

Eubacteria

A
  • Generally single-celled (some may be multicellular)
  • Prokaryotic
  • Found almost everywhere on Earth
  • Most are harmless or helpful
  • Some can cause human diseases. Examples: tetanus, syphilis,
    pneumonia, tuberculosis
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16
Q

whats the difference between archaebacteria and eubacteria

A
  • their ancestral cell lineage
  • the types of environments they live in
  • biochemical variations in cell components
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17
Q

Protists

A
  • Single-celled
  • Eukaryotic
  • Various species have characteristics similar to:
    → Fungi (spores)
    → Plants (chloroplastsphotosynthetic)
    → Animals (locomotion)
  • May have structures such as
    flagella or cilia
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18
Q

Fungi

A
  • Multicellular (except for yeast)
  • Eukaryotic
  • Non-photosynthetic
  • Some are beneficial and some
    are poisonous to humans.
  • Examples include mushrooms,
    mold, and mildew
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19
Q

Plants

A
  • Multicellular
  • Eukaryotic
  • Photosynthetic
  • May live on land or in water
20
Q

Animals

A
  • Multicellular
  • Eukaryotic
  • Non-photosynthetic
  • Can live on land or in water
  • Have locomotion
21
Q

In which kingdom would you find a single-celled eukaryote that is photosynthetic?

A

Protists

22
Q

Which of the following kingdoms would include eukaryotic, non-photosynthetic, multicellular organisms?

A

Fungi

23
Q

Which of the following can survive in extreme environments, such as very high temperatures?

A

Archaea

24
Q

Every living thing is made up of what elements?

A

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen

25
Q

the elements form small molecules such as

A

amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, and nucleotides

26
Q

small molecules combine together to make…

A

macromolecules (polysaccharides, proteins, fats, and nucleic acids)

27
Q

all living things use energy for…

A

moving, thinking, growing, cellular processes, etc

28
Q

what is the ultimate source of energy on earth?

A

the sun

29
Q

photosynthetic organisms capture the suns energy to…

A

create macromolecules which are then consumed by other organisms

30
Q

metabolism

A

the chemical reactions within the body that allow the transfer of energy from one form to another

31
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

organisms produce offspring with same genetic material

32
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

organisms produce unique offspring with new combinations of genetic material from two different parents

33
Q

every living organism has genetic material in the form of…

A

DNA

34
Q

RNA and DNA

A

they contain genes that determine an organisms characteristics

35
Q

humans have ____ chromosomes but the genes on chromosomes vary

A

46

36
Q

Evolution

A

Populations of organisms continuously change from one
generation to the next in terms of genetic makeup of the population

37
Q

every organism must maintain a stable internal environment which is called

A

homeostasis

38
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

detect chemical concentrations,
such as neurotransmitters, drugs, or hormones

39
Q

Osmoreceptors

A

detect changes in osmolarity, that
is – water and ion concentrations

40
Q

Baroreceptors

A

detect pressure, such as blood
pressure

41
Q

Photoreceptors

A

detect light and are found only in
the retina (in humans)

42
Q

Nociceptors

A

detect pain

43
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

detect temperature

44
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

detect stretching, deformation

45
Q

Proprioceptors

A

detect body position

46
Q

Tactile receptors

A

detect touch, pressure, and
vibration

Biology Spring Upgrading (15 decks)

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