Biology Chapter 2 (part 2) Flashcards
what are the 2 types of nucleic acids?
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
DNA
instructions used in growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses
RNA
main function is to code for the production of proteins. can also act as genetic material for RNA viruses
DNA molecules contain hundreds to thousands of individual ________
genes
DNA and RNA consists of monomers called _________
nucleotides
Each nucleotide has three parts
five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), phosphate, nitrogenous base
Purines
Adenine and guanine (six-membered ring linked with a five-membered ring)
Pyrimidines
Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil (single six-membered ring)
for each base pair in DNA base pairs always form between…
a purine and a pyrimidine
Structure of DNA
double helix and has only two possible base pairs
Adenine (A) pairs with
Thymine (T) (2 H-Bonds)
Cytosine (C) pairs with
Guanine (3 H-Bonds)
Base pairs are held together by what type of bond?
hydrogen bonds
sugars and phosphate groups are connected by what type of bond?
phosphodiester bonds
sugars are connected to the base by what type of bond?
glycosidic bonds
Uracil (U) pairs with ______ and only is use in _______
Adenine (A), RNA
What is the sequence of the
complimentary strand?
ACTTTGATCCTAG
TGAAACTAGGATC
When cells replicate by mitosis, they make a _____ of their DNA which will go to the daughter cell
copy (the entire molecule is copied)
When cells are actively making proteins, a portion of their DNA in the nucleus is …
transcribed into RNA. RNA then migrates to the cytoplasm and acts as the code for making the protein
Carbohydrates make up the …
structural framework of cells
carbs play a critical role in…
energy production and storage
a carbohydrate is any molecule that contains…
H, C, and O, in a 1:2:1 ratio
simple carbs are made up of…
one or two monomers
complex carbs are…
polymers made up of many monomer subunits
monosaccharides consist of
one monomer subunit. (glucose, galactose, and fructose)
Disaccharides consist of
two monosaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose)
many foods contain…
high fructose corn syrup
fructose is processed by the
liver and is directed towards replenishment of liver glycogen and synthesis of triglycerides