chapter 7 Notecards

Question 1

death of a fetus in utero after 20 or more weeks of gestation

Answer 1

fetal death

Question 2

number of deaths in first year of life per 1000 live births

Answer 2

infant mortality rate (IMR)

Question 3

number of deaths in first 28 days of life per 1000 live births

Answer 3

neonatal mortality rate (NMR)

Question 4

death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy

Answer 4

maternal mortality

Question 5

number of mothers who died per 100,000 live births

Answer 5

maternal mortality rate

Question 6

time frame from day 29-first birthday

Answer 6

post neonatal period

Question 7

baby weighing less than 2500 grams or 5.5 pounds at birth

Answer 7

low birth weight

Question 8

maternal health

___ are 4 times more likely to die from pregnancy and its complicatons than _____

Answer 8

black women, whites

Question 9

reduce maternal and infant mortality
-screen for health risks
counsel women about contraceptives
counsel women about good nutrition, specifically folic acid and iron
advise women to avoid alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs
advise women about benefits of regular exercise

Answer 9

pre conception

Question 10

reduce maternal and infant mortality
-provide access to care throughout
monitor and treat pre existing conditions
screen for and treat reproductive tract infections
educate women about the early signs of pregnancy-related problems

Answer 10

during pregnancy

Question 11

vaccinate newborns at age appropriate times
provide information on well baby care and benefits of breast feeding
warn parents of dangers of exposure to secondhand smoke
educate parents about protecting children from infectious disease and harmful substances

Answer 11

during post partum period

Question 12

five leading causes of maternal death

Answer 12

hemorrhage
embolism
pregnancy induced hypertension
sepsis/infection
anesthesia complications

Question 13

numer of live births per 1000 women aged 15-44 years of age
low rates indicate an ________
high rates indicate a _________

Answer 13

birth rates in the US
aging population
young population

Question 14

majority of teen pregnancies are _
55% end in _____
31% end in ____
14% end in _________

Answer 14

unintended
birth
abortion
miscarriage

Question 15

teenagers who give birth are more likely to:

Answer 15

drop out of school
not get married or marriage ends in divorce
rely on public assistance
live in proverty

Question 16

health consequences for teenage mothers

• less likely to receive _________
• more likely to _____ during pregnancy
• more likely to have ______
• morelikely to have low ________

Answer 16

prenatal care
smoke
preterm pregnancy
birth weight baby

Question 17

important measure of nations health
associated with variety of factors:
-\_\_\_\_\_health
- access to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ conditions
-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ practices
decreases in infant mortality due to:
-improved \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
advanced \_\_\_\_\_
- improved \_\_\_\_\_ to care
better \_\_\_\_
increased \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 17

maternal
medical care
socioeconomic
public health

disease surveillance
clinical care
access to care
nutrition
educational levels

Question 18

infant mortality summarized

• health of a nation can be judged by the health of its _________
• there is a significant disparity in infant mortality for __________
• the US has _______ infant mortality rate than other industrialized nations

Answer 18

youngest members
white and black infants
higher

Question 19

defined as babies born prior to 37 weeks
rates have risen steadily in past 25 years
____ is
cost averaged $58,000 in 200 compared to 3000 for a full term birth

Answer 19

premature births

1/8

Question 20

defined as babies that weigh 2500 grams or 5.5 pounds at birth
these infants are ______ more likely to die in first year of life
factors that contribute are
- duration of ______
- _______

Answer 20

low birth weight
40 times
gestation
intrauterine growth

Question 21

leading modifiable cause of LBW
_____ LBW cases and ___ of deaths
incidence of LBW among smokers is more than _____ of that of non smokers

Answer 21

cigarette smoking
20-30%, 10%
more than twice

Question 22

includes growth retardation, abnormal appearance, central nervous system deficits
___ safe level of consumption is established
-use of other drugs can cause problems
- _____linked to genitourinary problems and reduced fetal ______
______ linked to birth defects and growth problems

Answer 22

fetal alcohol syndrome
NO
cocaine
kush

Question 23

breastfeeding has advantages
child:
- boosts \_\_\_\_\_
- fewer \_\_\_\_\_
mother:
- reduces postpartum \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
earlier return to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
reduced risk for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
higher rates for older women, college educated and participating in WIC
lowest rates for mothers under age 20, low income, and african american

Answer 23

immune system
ear infections, colds, diarrhea, vomiting
bleeding
pre pre weight
osteoporosis

Question 24

sudden unanticipated death in infant with no recognizable cause of death
- ____ leading cause of infant death
leading cause of death after ____
__________ reduces risk

Answer 24

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
third
third
one month
sleeping on back or on side

Question 25

for each childhood death by injury, there are __ hospitalizations and ____ emergency room visits __ of all children have injury severe enough to require medical attention, miss school, and bed rest more than 100,000 children are permanantly _____ each year

Answer 25

unintentional injuries 34, 1000 1/4 disabled

Question 26

child morbidity:

Answer 26

unintentional injuries child maltreatment infectious disease

Question 27

child maltreatment

Answer 27

physical abuse sexual abuse psychological abuse neglect

Question 28

``` hitting, punching, choking etc common physical signs include: ___ injuries visercal injuries to _______ burns and scalds ____ and __ injuries ```

Answer 28

physical abuse head organs and muscles bruises, skin

Question 29

day of injury to day 5

Answer 29

red/purple bruises

Question 30

day 5 to about day 7

Answer 30

green bruises

Question 31

day 7-10

Answer 31

yellow bruises

Question 32

day 10-14

Answer 32

brown bruises

Question 33

examples include molestation, fondling intercourse, and object intrusion

Answer 33

contact abuse

Question 34

examples include coercing a child to watch or pose for pornography, suggestive remarks, and sexual exhibitionism

Answer 34

non-contact abuse

Question 35

``` common physical signs of sexual abuse: difficulties or pain ______ recurrent ______ _______ in genital or anal areas torn or bloody _____ regressive behaviors ```

Answer 35

walking, sitting, running UTI brusies or bleeding underclothes

Question 36

rejecting, exploiting, devaluing, terrorizing, isolating, denying

Answer 36

categories of psychological abuse

Question 37

``` common physical signs of psych abuse ____ and ___ disorders ____ behaviors developmental lags ulcers, asthma, allergies ```

Answer 37

eating, sleeping | self abuse

Question 38

act of ____ rather than _____

Answer 38

neglect | omission, comission

Question 39

``` common physical signs of neglect ______ significantly below peers dressed inappropriately for _____ ______ appearances signs of lack of _____ _____ shelter participation in ________ ```

Answer 39

``` height/weight weather listless, apathetic medical care inadequate dangerous activities ```