Chapter 3

Question 1

the study of disease, injury and death in the community

Answer 1

epidemiology

Question 2

studies the outbreaks of disease, injury and death in the human population and the factors that influence this distribution

Answer 2

epidemologist

Question 3

a disease, illness, health event that occurs regularly in a population
ex) heart disease in the US

Answer 3

endemic

Question 4

an unexpected large number of cases of disease, illness, health events in a particular population
ex: ebola outbreak in villages of central and southern africa

Answer 4

epidemic

Question 5

an outbreak of disease, illness, health events over a wide geographical area

Answer 5

pandemic

Question 6

people who have a particular disease or other health related condition

Answer 6

cases

Question 7

number (%) of events that occur in a given population in a given period of time
types:

Answer 7

rates
natality
morbidity
mortality

Question 8

allow for a comparison of outbreaks that occur at different times or in a different place

Answer 8

importance of rates

Question 9

number of new health related events or cases of a disease in a population exposed to that risk in a given time period divided by the total number in same population
ex: number of people in a community with the flue in a week over the number of ppl susceptible

Answer 9

incidence rate

Question 10

calculated by dividing all current cases of a disease (old and new) by the total population

Answer 10

prevalence rate

Question 11

special incidence rate calculated for particular population for as single disease outtake expressed as a percentage
ex: number of people who traveled on same airline flight developed similar illness

Answer 11

attack rate

Question 12

rates in which the denominator includes the total population

Answer 12

crude rates

Question 13

number of live births over midyear population x 1000

Answer 13

crude birth rate

Question 14

number of deaths/ estimated midyear population x 1000

Answer 14

crude death rate

Question 15

rates used to make comparisons of relative risks across groups and over time when groups differ in age structure

Answer 15

age adjusts rates

Question 16

rates that measure morbidity or mortaity for particular population or disease

Answer 16

specific rates

Question 17

single most reliable measure of population health
beginning of 1900: _____
2000: _____

Answer 17

mortality statistics
pneumonia and influenza
heart disease, cancer

Question 18

average number of a year a person from specific cohort (ex, people born in 1990) is projected to live from a given point in time

Answer 18

life expectancy

Question 19

ynumber of years lost when death occurs before ones get to 65 or 75 eyears of age

Answer 19

years of potential life lost

Question 20

measure of the burden of disease that takes into account premature death and loss of healthy life resulting from disability

Answer 20

disability adjust life year

Question 21

number of years of healthy life expected on average in a given population

Answer 21

health adjusted life expectancy

Question 22

conducted ever 10 years enumeration of population

Answer 22

US census

Question 23

age, sex, household relationship

Answer 23

us census short form

Question 24

poopulation, ancenstr y disability language marital states houseing

Answer 24

us census long form

Question 25

prepared by the centers for disease control
reports cases of notifiable diseases in U
S
includes articles on other public health problems

Answer 25

morbidity and mortality weekly repory

Question 26

used to determine whether an association exists between exposure to a factor or characteristic of a person and development to the disease

Answer 26

epidimoligst approach

descrptive study

Question 27

seek to describe the extent of disease in regard to person, time, place

Answer 27

descriptive study

Question 28

a graphic display of the case of a disease according to the time and date of onset symptoms

Answer 28

epidemic curve

Question 29

depicting a distribution of cases traceable to multiple sources of exposure

Answer 29

propohated epidemic curve

Question 30

purpose is to test hypothesis about the relationship between health problems and possible risk factors
ex: designed to discover whether cigarette smoking is associated with lung cancer

Answer 30

analytical studies

Question 31

the investigator simply observes the natural course of events taking notes on exposed and unexposed and who gets the disease

Answer 31

observational

Question 32

one in which the investigator actually allocates the exposure and follows subjects to see who develops the disease

Answer 32

experimental

Question 33

on that seeks to compare those diagnosed with a disease with those who are not for prior exposure to specific risk factors

• studies a specific case with people who have the condition you are studying and who don’t but have similar chaacteristics
• cases with the disease and controls who generally do not have the disease are chosen and past exposure to a factor is determined

Answer 33

case control study

retrospective

Question 34

one in which a cohort is classifed by exposure to one or more specific risk factors and observed to determine the rates at which disesese develops in a group

Answer 34

cohort study (prospective)

Question 35

subjects assigned to control groups are given blank doses or treatment or usual care

Answer 35

placebos

Question 36

process by which subjects are assigned to the treatment or control group in a completely random manner

Answer 36

randomization

Question 37

practice in which the investigator and/0or the subjects are uninformed and unaware of the group assignment

Answer 37

blinding