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HS 302 > Chapter 14 notecards > Flashcards

Chapter 14 notecards Flashcards

1
Q

aspects of human health, including the quality of life, determined by physical, biological, chemical and psychosocial factors in the environment

A

environmental health

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2
Q

federal agency responsible for setting, maintaining, and enforcing environmental standards
regulates air, water, and soil quality, wastes, pollution

A

US Environmental Protection Agency

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3
Q

the number of people the earth can support

A

carrying capacity

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4
Q

chemical substances

water, BPA, DDT, lead etc

A

chemical hazards

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5
Q

biological agent; plant or animal

influenza, polio, poison ivy

A

biological hazard

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6
Q

energy transfer into or within the human body

radiation, noise vibration

A

physical hazards

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7
Q

set of conditions that creates adverse health outcomes

A

psychosocial hazards

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8
Q

first description of an occupational cancer (1775)

-chimney sweep & scrotal cancer

A

Percivall Pott

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9
Q

by Rachel Carson, published in 1962

US Environemntal Protection Agency formed in _____

A

Silent Spring

1970

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10
Q

exposure disease model

A

source
environmental fate
human exposure
health outcome

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11
Q

point or area of origin for an environmental agent

A

source

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12
Q

any single identifiable source of pollution

ex. pipe, ship, smokestack

A

point source

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13
Q

diffuse pollution sources; no single point of origin

ex. residential fertilizer, dams, saltwater intrusion, pavement runoff, cars

A

area (or non point source) source

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14
Q

a stationary location or fixed facility from which pollutants are discharged
ex. refinery waste water treatment plant

A

stationary source

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15
Q

pollution from sources that move from location to another

motor vehicles, boats

A

mobile source

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16
Q

originates or produced by humans/human activity

A

anthropogenic source

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17
Q

originates or produced naturally or by living organisms

A

non-anthropogenic (nautral or biogenic sources)

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18
Q

how a hazard gets into your body once it reaches you

A

exposure route

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19
Q

steps to manage and reduce exposures at community, work place, or individual level

A

exposure controls

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20
Q

hierarchy of controls

A 
elimination
substitution
engineering controls
administrative controls
PPE
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21
Q

climate change is _________

extremely liekly to be the dominant cause of observed warming since the mid 20th century

A

anthropogenic

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22
Q

gases in the atmosphere that bsorb and emit thermal radiation
CO2 ____
methane ___
nitrous oxides __

A

greenhouse gases
57%
14%
8%

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23
Q

atmospheric conditions over short period of time

A

weather

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24
Q

how the atmosphere behaves over relatively long periods of time in a particular region

A

climate

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25
Q

refers to changes in long term averages of daily weather

A

climate change

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26
Q

can spread zika, chkungunya, dengue

A

aedes aegypti

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27
Q

naturally occuring phenomenon or events

A

natural disasters

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28
Q

volcanic eruptions, earthquakes

A

geological activity

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29
Q

tornadoes, hurricanees, floods, droughts

A

climate and weather driven events

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30
Q

under the US department of homeland security
helps communtiies to prepare for natural disasters and aids in response and recovery efforts of natural and terrorist incidents

A

federal emergency management agency

FEMA

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31
Q

________: primary prevention
_______: secondary prevention

A

mitigation

adaptation

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32
Q

developed countries to reduce emissions of 6 GHG’s to 5% below 1990 levels between 2008 and 2012
by 2007, ratified by all UNFCC parties except ____, then ______ withdrew in 2012; ____, ____, ___ did not set new binding targets
reductions largely not achieved

A

Kyoto Protocol
US
Canada
Russia, Japan, and New Zealand

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33
Q

defined as the contamination of air by substances that interferes with the comfort, safety, and health of living organisms

A

air pollution

34
Q

indicates pollution in the air and associated health risks

scores range from 0 (good) to 500 (hazardous)

A

air quality index AQI

35
Q

the gradual increase in the earth’s surface temperature

caused by increase in ______

A

global warming

GHGs

36
Q

GHGs

prevent heat from escaping into space, like the glass panels of a greenhouse

A

carbon dioxide
CFCs
methane
nitrous oxide

37
Q

_____ filters out 99% of the sun’s harmful UV rays

A

ozone layer

38
Q

responsible for 1.5 million deaths worldwide each year
___% of the world population had no access to clean drinking water
more than ___% of the US population has access to drinking water

A

waterborne disease
11
90

39
Q

the water in streams, rivers, lakes, that does not inflitrate the ground or return to the atmosphere through evaportation

A

surface water

40
Q

water that does inflitrate into the soil and resides below the surface - in aquifer and beyond roots of vegitation

A

groundwater

41
Q

defined as any physical or chemical change in the water that can harm living organisms or make it unfit for other uses

A

water pollution

42
Q

a single identifiable source that discharges pollutatnts into the water

A

point source pollution

43
Q

all pollution that occurs through the runoff, seepage, or falling of pollutatnts into the water

A

nonpoint source pollution

44
Q

these occur when water contaminated with a disease agent is consumed by susceptible persons

A

water borne diseases

45
Q

an event in which at least 2 persons experience a similar illness after ingesting or exposure in water

A

waterborne disease outbreak

46
Q 
spread by swallowing, breathing, or having contact with contaminated water
sources include swimming pools, water parks, water fountains, hot tubs, lakes, rivers, and oceans
most common symptom is diarrhea
\_\_\_\_\_ helos but
\_\_\_ - less than one minute
\_\_\_ - about 16 minutes
\_\_\_ - about 45 mins
\_\_\_\_ 15, 300 mins
A 
recreational water illness
e. coli
hepatitis A
giardia
cryptosporidium
47
Q 
water treatment
\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_
A

coagulation and flocculation
sedimentation
filtration
disinfection

48
Q

living organisms or their products that increase the risk of disease or death in humans

A

biological hazards

49
Q

250 diseases; ___ million cases annually

these occur when food contaminated with a disease agent is consumed susceptible person

A

foodborne illness

75 milly

50
Q

the occurence of 2 or more cases of a similar illness resulting from ingestion of food

A

foodborne disease outbreak

51
Q 
causes of foodborne disease
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (poultry)
\_\_\_\_\_\_ (eggs, poultry, meat, produce)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: ground beef, greens, raw milk
\_\_\_\_\_ (sandwiches, salads)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: deli meat, unpasteurized cheese, produce
A 
campylobacter
salmonella
E Coli O157
Norovirus
listeria
52
Q

defined as any living organism (ex. plant, animal, microbe) that occurs where not wanted and has an adverse effect on human interests

A

pest

53
Q

natural or synthetic chemicals developed for the purpose preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating pests

A

pesticides

54
Q

25,000 pesticide products contain more than ____ chemicals used in the US alone

A

600

55
Q

most widely used pesticides are:

A

herbicides, insecticdes, fungicides

56
Q

occur most frequently with children and the workers who apply pesticides
occurs when pesticides are consumed orally, inhaled, or when they come in contact withthe skin

A

pesticide poisonings

57
Q 
consumer label info:
\_\_\_\_\_\_: highly poisonous and use should be restricted to certified applicator
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: poisionous or corrosive 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: moderately hazardous
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: least hazardous
A

danger-poison
danger
warning
caution

58
Q

class A carincogen responsible for 3,000 lung cancer deaths per year in US non-smokers

A

tobacco smoke

59
Q

released from the burning end

A

sidestream smoke

60
Q

inhaled by the smoker

A

mainstream smoke

61
Q

ventilation technology _____ totally fix this

A

cannot

62
Q

_______ children aged 1-5 have high blood lead levels
_____ housing units have deteriorated lead paint and lead dust
lead in ______ is a significant health hazard

A

310,000
24 million
water pipes

63
Q

solid refuse from households, agriculture, business

A

solid waste

64
Q

the US has just __% of the worlds population yet produces ___+% of the worlds muncipal solid waste
we produce an average of about ___ muncipal solid waste a day

A

4%
30
4.5

65
Q

the collection, transportation, storage, and disposal by incineration or landfill

A

solid waste management

66
Q

resource conservation and recovery act of 1976 eliminated open dumps and replaced with ________
waste disposal sites on land suited for this purpose
waste is spread in layers, compact, covered w clay or foam

A

land fills

67
Q

defined as the burning of wastes
second leading method of refuse disposal ___
half of muncioal combustors are energy _________
reduces solid waste weight by _____ and volume by ____

A 
combustion/incineration
15%
energy recovery plants
75%
90%
68
Q

waste with properties that make it dangerous or potentially harmful to human health or the environment

A

hazardous wastes

69
Q

there are ___ hazardous waste lists
important one isssss
_____: discarded commercial chemical products including pesticides and pharmaceuticals known as toxic wastes

A

4

u list

70
Q 
characteristics of hazardous wastes
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - can corrode metal containers
\_\_\_\_\_\_ - can create fires
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:unstable in normal conditions
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: harmful if ingested or absorbed
A

corrosivity
ignitability
reactivity
toxicity

71
Q

any process that changes the physical, chemical or biological character of a waste to make it less of a threat
________ is most common

A

treatment

combustion/incineration

72
Q

storage or the holding of waste for a temporary period of time prior to it being treated, disposed, or stored somewhere

A

hazardous waste storage

73
Q

the placement of waste into or on the land designed to permanently contain the waste and prevent release of pollutants

A

disposal

74
Q

defined as those geophysical and meteorological events that greatly exceed normal human expectations in terms of magnititude or frequency

A

natural disasters

75
Q

defined as the inundation of a normally dry area resulting from a variety of natural and human induced processes
costs about ____ in annual losses and causes about ____ deaths each eyar
only natural hazard for which the fed government provides insurance

A

flood

76
Q

a sudden slip on fault caused by stress buildup in the crust
_____ is the most prone to these
_____ and ______ have fewest

A

earthquakes
alaska
florida, north dakota

77
Q

defined as a violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground
forecasting was banned to avoid panic

A

tornadoes

78
Q

a type of tropical cyclone with a counterclockwise rotation
classified in ___ categories based on wind speed, central pressure and damange potential
named by the national hurrican center

A

hurricanes

79
Q

unplanned events - escaped prescribed burns, human-induced fire, and natural causes
9 out of 10 are caused by ________
___ that escape detection cause ___ of damage

A

wildfires
people
3%
95%

80
Q

living around others can creat a number of _________ hazards that affect human health

A

sociological hazards

81
Q

worlds 7 billionth person was born on _______

____ rate will decline but ____ will continue to grow; record will reach 9.4 billion by 2050

A

october 20th, 2011

growth rate, population rate

HS 302 (14 decks)

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