Chapter 1 notecards - Introduction

Question 1

Ancient societies (before 500 BC)
evidence of bathrooms and sewers

Answer 1

northern india

Question 2

ancient societies before 500 bc

evidence of water drainage

Answer 2

ancient egypt

Question 3

ancient societies before 500 bc

evidence of toilets, flushing systems and sewers

Answer 3

crete

Question 4

ancient societies before 500 bc

evidence of prescription drugs

Answer 4

sumerian clay tablet

Question 5

classicual cultures (500-BC-AD500)
hippocrates coins terms endemic and epidemic
men participated in games of strength and skill
acctive in community sanitation; running water

Answer 5

greek golden age

Question 6

classical cultures
improved on greek engineering
built aqueducts & sewer systems, food markets and public bath houses
christians built hospitals as charitable organizations

Answer 6

roman society

Question 7

growing revulsion of roman materialism
spiritual era of public health
great epidemics of plague caused by ______
-bacteria carried from rats to humans to fleas
_______ are starting to be practiced

Answer 7

middle ages
yersinia pestis
isolation, quarantine

Question 8

drift inter superstition and irrational dogma
cleanliness is a sign of weakness, wordiness, luxury
move back to improper sanitation
papacy fobids dissecction, surgery, and for monks to practice medicine
western medical advancement brought to a halt for almost 1000 eyars

Answer 8

dark ages

Question 9

rebirth of thinking about nature of the world and humankind
more careful accounting of who was getting sick
origin of disease is disputed - hypothesis that diseases were caused by environmental not spiritual factors
observed the sick, leading to a greater understanding of signs and symptoms of disease

Answer 9

renaissance & exploration

Question 10

medical advances of 18th century

_____ tested the smallpox vaccine saving millions of lives

Answer 10

dr. edward jenner

Question 11

medical advances of 18th century

led to US public health service

Answer 11

marine hospital service

Question 12

cities were overcrowded s rural poor move to cities
-water supplies inadequate, streets heaped with trash
work places unsafe and unhealthy
-occuplational regulations not in place
-child labor laws not developed
-workers poor and powerless
life expectancy was ______

Answer 12

18th century: industrial growth

from birth only 29 years

Question 13

few advancements in public health
federal government is ______
epidemics continued
____ and _____

Answer 13

19th century 1st half
laissez faire
london cholera epidemics, miasma theory of contagious diseases

Question 14

drew up a health report for the commonwealth of massachuesetrs that outlined public health needs for the state

Answer 14

lemuel shattuck

19th century

Question 15

studied the epidemic of cholera and hypothesized that disease being caused by the drinking water from the street pump

Answer 15

john snow

19th century

Question 16

proposed germ theory of disease, disproving spontaneous generation

Answer 16

louis pasteur

19t century

Question 17

developed he criteria and procedures necessary that a particular microbe causes particular disease

Answer 17

robert koch

Question 18

finds yellow fever transmitted by mosquitos

Answer 18

Reed

Question 19

US public health service study the effects of syphilis on African american men
men we’re given periodic examinations but never treated
the study was not kept secret

Answer 19

the tuskeegee study