chapter 4 notecards

Question 1

biological agents or their products are the cause
disease is transmissible from infected to the susceptible
infection is the means by which the agent enters the host

Answer 1

communicable (infectious) diseases

Question 2

disease or illness that cannot be transmitted

Answer 2

noncommunicable (noninfectious) diseases

Question 3

peak of severity of symptoms subsides within 3 months

recovery is usually complete; patient survives

Answer 3

acute disease

Question 4

symptoms continue longer than 3 months
often the disease once diagnosed lasts a lifetime
recovery is slow and often incomplete

Answer 4

chronic disease

Question 5

ability of biological agent to enter/grow in host

Answer 5

infectivity

Question 6

infectious disease agents ability to produce disease

Answer 6

pathogenicity

Question 7

measure of the severity of disease caused by agent

Answer 7

virulence

Question 8

minimal requirements for the occurrence and spread of communicable diseases in apopulation

Answer 8

caustaive agent, host, environment

Question 9

the element that must be present in order for the disease to occur

Answer 9

agent

Question 10

any susceptible organism invaded by infectious agent

Answer 10

host

Question 11

all other factors that inhibit or promote disease transmission

Answer 11

environment

Question 12

chain of infection

Answer 12

pathogen, resrvoir, portal of exit, transmission, portal of entry

Question 13

disease causing agent

Answer 13

pathogen

Question 14

the habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives & grows

human: _____
animal: ______
evnironmental: _______

Answer 14

reservoir
anthroponoses
zoonoses (animal to human)
sapronoses (decaying organic substance to human)

Question 15

path by which the agent leaves the source host

Answer 15

portal of exit

Question 16

how pathogens are passed
direct or indirect
airborne, vehicleborn, vectorborne

Answer 16

transmission

Question 17

agent enters host

Answer 17

portal of entry

Question 18

complex etiologies (causes)

• genetics
• personality and beliefts
• behavorial choices
• environmental

Answer 18

noncommunicable diseases

Question 19

the planning for and taking care of action to prevent the onset of an undesirable event

Answer 19

prevention

Question 20

taking action during an event

Answer 20

intervention

Question 21

containment of disease; interventions; limiting transmission

Answer 21

control

Question 22

total elimination of a disease from the human population

Answer 22

eradication

Question 23

measures that forestall the onset of illness or injury during the pre-pathogenosis period (immunizations)

Answer 23

primary prevention

Question 24

measure that lead to early diagnosis & prompt treatment of a disease or injury to limit disability or prevent more severe pathogenesis

Answer 24

secondary prevention

Question 25

measures the aimed at rehabilitation following significatnt pathogenosis

Answer 25

tertiary prevention