Chapter 7- Myology Part II Flashcards
The distribution of muscle fibres; most muscles are a mix of SO, FOG, FG Fibres within a given motor unit, all Fibres are the same type. T/F
True
A motor unit consist of a ————–motor neuron plus all of the muscle fibres it stimulates.
somatic
When the AP travels down the motor neuron to the muscles fibres e.g motor unit) , all fibres in that motor unit will generate force. T/F
True
Not all motor unite are recruited with every contraction. T/F
True
All motor units are recruited for a given action do not contract ATPH the same time . T/F
True
Smalles/weakest motor unit are recruited first. T/F
True
Precise movements require small changes in muscle contraction. T.F
True
Muscles that perform fine movements will be made up of small motor units (few muscle fibers/ motor unit). T/F
True
Large (imprecise) movements do not require small changes in muscle contraction - theory typically require large amount of tension. T/F
True
Muscles that perform gross movements will be made up of large motor units (many muscle fibres/motor unit). T/F
True
What is the gradation of force?
To increase the amount of force generated
To increase the amount of force generated, it depends on;
- increase the number of motor units recruited
2. increase the frequency of normal AP firing (wave summation)
The forcefulness of muscle contraction , it is the ability ———–, and it depends on the length of the ————within the muscle before the contraction begin.
to generate force
Sarcomere
it is at the greatest ability to I generate muscle tension called ————-
Optimal Overlap (resting length)
Decreased ability to generate muscle tension called——-
minimal overlap (lengthened)
Decrease ability to generate tension
excessive overlap
muscle contraction through a range against resistance that is not changing called —————
Isotonic (same tone)
A shortening contraction called ———–
concentric
A lengthening contraction called ———-
eccentric
muscle contraction in which the length of the muscle does not visibly change called———
eccentric
muscle contraction through a range in which the the equipment varies the resistance to match the strength curve called ———-
Variable Resistance
muscle contraction through a range in which the the equipment keeps the velocity of movement constant called ———-
Isokinetic
A small amount of tension being generated in the muscle and not strong enough to produce movement called ——–
Resting tone/muscle tone
A brief contraction of all the muscle fibres in a motor unit to a single AP in its motor neuron called ——————
Twitch contraction / Involuntary
A lack of tone ( Atonic) from the nerve being damaged or cut called ——-
Flaccidity
Increase in muscle size ( increase Myofibrils & increase Sarcomere ) called ———–
Hypertrophy
decrease in muscle size called ———-
Atrophy
The inability of a muscle to function at the required level due to an energy substrate depletion, metabolic -by product, neurological fatigue, central nervous system fatigue called ——————
Fatigue
The regeneration of muscle tissue occurs by undifferentiated muscle cell, limited capacity , and actively involved in muscle repairs and generation called ————
Satellite cells
Surrounds the entire muscle called ——–
epimysium
Surrounds the fascicles called ———–
Perimysium
Surrounds the muscle fibres called ———-
Endomysium
The epimysium, Perimysium, Endomysium are all interconnected . T/F
True
The epimysium, Perimysium, Endomysium extend boned the muscle fibres to connect the muscle to the ————–(or other structure) as a ———–
periosteum
tendon
The trans ion form muscle tissue to tendon called ———
musculotendinous
The transition form tendon to periosteum called——-
tendoperiosteal junction
a broad flat tendon called ———–
aponeurosis
A tube that surrounds a tendon to protect it called ———–
tendon sheath
Specialized cells within the heart can generate their Owen electrical signals , they act as a pacemaker called ———-
Autorhythmicity
Striated muscle same actin /myosin arrangement as skeletal muscle called ——-
cardiac muscle
Fibres are branched - the ends are fit tightly together with neighbouring fibres at junctions called ———
intercalated fibres (cardiac muscle)
Anchoring junctions hold them together and gap junctions allow for cells to communicated quickly , it is involuntary muscle which is called ———
cardiac muscle
Found in the walls of a hollow tubes , spindle shaped , have a gap junction , involuntary contractions start slowly and last longer called ———–
Smooth muscle
One AP supplies several smooth muscle fibres via————-, they operate Asa single unit , walls of small arteries and hollow organs called ————-
single unit smooth muscle tissue
One motor neuron terminal supplies one smooth muscle fibre , few gap junctions, walls of large arteries , airways in lungs, are tor Pili, muscles of the iris called —————-
multi unit smooth muscle tissue
Capacity for skeletal strength progressively decreases after approximately age 25 ..T/F
True
A greater proportion of muscle tissue is lost approximately after age 50 . T/F
True
According to aging and muscled tissue;
- exercise can be beneficial at any age
- adaptation to exercise is slower
- balance can become an issue
T/F
True
