Chapter 7- Myology Part II

Question 1

The distribution of muscle fibres; most muscles are a mix of SO, FOG, FG Fibres within a given motor unit, all Fibres are the same type. T/F

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A motor unit consist of a ————–motor neuron plus all of the muscle fibres it stimulates.

Answer 2

somatic

Question 3

When the AP travels down the motor neuron to the muscles fibres e.g motor unit) , all fibres in that motor unit will generate force. T/F

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Not all motor unite are recruited with every contraction. T/F

Answer 4

True

Question 5

All motor units are recruited for a given action do not contract ATPH the same time . T/F

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Smalles/weakest motor unit are recruited first. T/F

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Precise movements require small changes in muscle contraction. T.F

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Muscles that perform fine movements will be made up of small motor units (few muscle fibers/ motor unit). T/F

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Large (imprecise) movements do not require small changes in muscle contraction - theory typically require large amount of tension. T/F

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Muscles that perform gross movements will be made up of large motor units (many muscle fibres/motor unit). T/F

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What is the gradation of force?

Answer 11

To increase the amount of force generated

Question 12

To increase the amount of force generated, it depends on;

Answer 12

1. increase the number of motor units recruited

2. increase the frequency of normal AP firing (wave summation)

Question 13

The forcefulness of muscle contraction , it is the ability ———–, and it depends on the length of the ————within the muscle before the contraction begin.

Answer 13

to generate force

Sarcomere

Question 14

it is at the greatest ability to I generate muscle tension called ————-

Answer 14

Optimal Overlap (resting length)

Question 15

Decreased ability to generate muscle tension called——-

Answer 15

minimal overlap (lengthened)

Question 16

Decrease ability to generate tension

Answer 16

excessive overlap

Question 17

muscle contraction through a range against resistance that is not changing called —————

Answer 17

Isotonic (same tone)

Question 18

A shortening contraction called ———–

Answer 18

concentric

Question 19

A lengthening contraction called ———-

Answer 19

eccentric

Question 20

muscle contraction in which the length of the muscle does not visibly change called———

Answer 20

eccentric

Question 21

muscle contraction through a range in which the the equipment varies the resistance to match the strength curve called ———-

Answer 21

Variable Resistance

Question 22

muscle contraction through a range in which the the equipment keeps the velocity of movement constant called ———-

Answer 22

Isokinetic

Question 23

A small amount of tension being generated in the muscle and not strong enough to produce movement called ——–

Answer 23

Resting tone/muscle tone

Question 24

A brief contraction of all the muscle fibres in a motor unit to a single AP in its motor neuron called ——————

Answer 24

Twitch contraction / Involuntary

Question 25

A lack of tone ( Atonic) from the nerve being damaged or cut called ——-

Answer 25

Flaccidity

Question 26

Increase in muscle size ( increase Myofibrils & increase Sarcomere ) called ———–

Answer 26

Hypertrophy

Question 27

decrease in muscle size called ———-

Answer 27

Atrophy

Question 28

The inability of a muscle to function at the required level due to an energy substrate depletion, metabolic -by product, neurological fatigue, central nervous system fatigue called ——————

Answer 28

Fatigue

Question 29

The regeneration of muscle tissue occurs by undifferentiated muscle cell, limited capacity , and actively involved in muscle repairs and generation called ————

Answer 29

Satellite cells

Question 30

Surrounds the entire muscle called ——–

Answer 30

epimysium

Question 31

Surrounds the fascicles called ———–

Answer 31

Perimysium

Question 32

Surrounds the muscle fibres called ———-

Answer 32

Endomysium

Question 33

The epimysium, Perimysium, Endomysium are all interconnected . T/F

Answer 33

True

Question 34

The epimysium, Perimysium, Endomysium extend boned the muscle fibres to connect the muscle to the ————–(or other structure) as a ———–

Answer 34

periosteum

tendon

Question 35

The trans ion form muscle tissue to tendon called ———

Answer 35

musculotendinous

Question 36

The transition form tendon to periosteum called——-

Answer 36

tendoperiosteal junction

Question 37

a broad flat tendon called ———–

Answer 37

aponeurosis

Question 38

A tube that surrounds a tendon to protect it called ———–

Answer 38

tendon sheath

Question 39

Specialized cells within the heart can generate their Owen electrical signals , they act as a pacemaker called ———-

Answer 39

Autorhythmicity

Question 40

Striated muscle same actin /myosin arrangement as skeletal muscle called ——-

Answer 40

cardiac muscle

Question 41

Fibres are branched - the ends are fit tightly together with neighbouring fibres at junctions called ———

Answer 41

intercalated fibres (cardiac muscle)

Question 42

Anchoring junctions hold them together and gap junctions allow for cells to communicated quickly , it is involuntary muscle which is called ———

Answer 42

cardiac muscle

Question 43

Found in the walls of a hollow tubes , spindle shaped , have a gap junction , involuntary contractions start slowly and last longer called ———–

Answer 43

Smooth muscle

Question 44

One AP supplies several smooth muscle fibres via————-, they operate Asa single unit , walls of small arteries and hollow organs called ————-

Answer 44

single unit smooth muscle tissue

Question 45

One motor neuron terminal supplies one smooth muscle fibre , few gap junctions, walls of large arteries , airways in lungs, are tor Pili, muscles of the iris called —————-

Answer 45

multi unit smooth muscle tissue

Question 46

Capacity for skeletal strength progressively decreases after approximately age 25 ..T/F

Answer 46

True

Question 47

A greater proportion of muscle tissue is lost approximately after age 50 . T/F

Answer 47

True

Question 48

According to aging and muscled tissue;

• exercise can be beneficial at any age
• adaptation to exercise is slower
• balance can become an issue

T/F

Answer 48

True