Chapter 5 - Skeletal Sys Flashcards
What are the structure of the bone ?
- Diaphysis (the shaft/body, the long portion of the bone)
- Epiphyses (ends of the bone)
- Metaphyses (the region between the Diaphyses and
Epiphyses and contains the epiphyseal growth plate and
epiphyseal line.
The shaft of the bone is called ———-
Diaphysis which is the longest portion of the bone
The ends of the bone called ———-
Epiphysis
It contains the growth epiphyseal growth plate / epiphyseal line———-
Metaphyses
A ————-area within the——–of a growing bone called the Epiphyseal growth plate. Once the growth stops , what remains is the ———-
- Cartilaginous
- Metaphysis
- Epiphyseal line
———a thing layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphyseal.
- Articular Cartilage
What is Periosteum?
It is a tough CT /fibrous tissue covering that surrounds the bone
The Periosteum function is to protect, ———- and ——–bones
- nourish
- heal bones
Periosteum acts as an attachment for ———-and ———–
- tendons
- ligaments
Periosteum is very well vascular , lots of blood supplies?
True or False
True
The medullary cavity aka………….?
marrow cavity
Medullary cavity is a space that is located within ——— and it contains 1. ————- for ————–
2. ————-for —————–
- Diaphysis
1. red marrow , blood cell formation
2. yellow marrow , fat storage
Popular location for the Medullary Cavity in the body :
- ———2.———-3.———-4.———-5.———-
- ————7.———-
- Ribs
- Sternum
- Spine
- Proximal of Humerous
- Femur
- Pelvis
- Scalp
What is EPO?
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced by the kidney that promotes the formation of red blood cells by the bone marrow.
The kidney cells that make erythropoietin are sensitive to low oxygen levels in the blood that travels through the kidney. These cells make and release erythropoietin when the oxygen level is too low. A low oxygen level may indicate a diminished number of red blood cells (anemia), or hemoglobin molecules that carry oxygen through the body.
erythropoietin stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. The resulting rise in red cells increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood? True or False
True
As the prime regulator of red cell production, erythropoietin’s major functions are to ;
- Promote the development of red blood cells.
2. Initiate the synthesis of hemoglobin, the molecule within red blood cells that transports oxygen.
What are the functions of the bone ?
- Protection
- Support
- Movement
- Mineral homeostasis
- Blood cell production (hemapoiesis/ hematopoiesis)
- Storage
The bone is very well vascularized ? True or False
True
- Metaphyseal arteries supply the ——?
- Epiphyseal arteries supply the ——–?
- nutrient arteries enter the ———– via the ——– ———to supply the inner ——–bone, ——-bone, ——bone marrow.
- —— ——- enter the ———- at multiple points (Volkmann’s canals) to supply the ——— and outer ——– bone.
- Metaphysis
- Epiphysis
- Diaphysis, nutrient, foramen, compact, spongy, red, marrow.
- Periosteal arteries, Diaphysis, periosteum, compact.
Bone growth / Aging
1) Bone is in a constant state of ——–
1) remodeling
Bone growth / Aging
From birth to adolescence, bone growth is —— than bone —–
greater, loss
Bone growth / Aging
In young adults, bone —— is equal to bone —–
growth, loss
from middle age, bone ——–exceeds bone ——–
loss, growth
long bones lengthen through growth at the ——– growth ———, and they get thicker by Osteo—— in the———–laying a new bone at the periphery.
Epiphyseal growth plate, blasts, periosteum
Specialized contractile organelles of the muscle cell called ————–, It is sized measured in ———-
Myofibrils
Um in diameter
Myofibrils are held in place by ——— ———
cytoskeletal proteins
———– —————– is a fluid filled tubes and sacs running along and surrounding each ——, they store and release————into the cell (when it’s needed)
Sacro plastic reticulum
Myofibril
calcium
————-contain a number of sacro merges arranged in series (end to end)
Myofibrils
The functional unit of a Myofibril (of contraction) is ———–
Sarcomere
The Sarcomere contains 2 contractile protein;
1) Actin
2) Myosin
makes up the thin filament of the Sarcomere called —–
Actin
makes up the thick filament of the Sarcomere called —–
myosin
Thick and thin filaments of the Sarcomere overlap and their interaction is what generates —————
force/contraction
In the Sarcomere the overlapping of the filament creatures ———and —— strips which gives skeletal muscle its striated appearance.
Light
Dark
To generate tension, skeletal muscle cells must be stimulated by a nerve signal from a ———-
motor neuron
————is a nerve cell that stimulates muscles to contract
motor neuron
the axon connects with the muscle when it reaches the muscle, it branches out into a number of ————-
axon terminals
each axon terminals forms a junction called ————————, with the ———–of a number of different muscle cells.
neuromuscular junction
The axon terminal and the Sarcolemma never actually touch , there is a gap between them called the ————-
synaptic cleft
When the signal arrives, it releases a ————–called —————-which crosses the synaptic cleft, stimulates the Sarcolemma and the muscle continues the signal
neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine (ACh)
