Chapter 6 - Nervous Sys- Part 3

Question 1

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptor are all——–

Answer 1

PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

Question 2

Paths of communication between the brain and the periphery called ——

Answer 2

Cranial nerves

Question 3

————-has 12 pairs of nerves that exit from the ——–of the brain.

Answer 3

cranial nerves

base

Question 4

————-paths of communication between the SC and the periphery.

Answer 4

Spinal nerves

Question 5

There are ——–pairs of Spinal nerves (C1-C7, T1-T12, L1-L5, S1-S5), they are numbered according to the region and level of the vertebral column which they emerge.

Answer 5

31

Question 6

Spinal nerves connect the SC to :
1.----------------
2.---------------
3. --------------
in all part of the body

Answer 6

1. receptors
2. muscles
3. glands

Question 7

parallel bundles of axons (and their associated neuroglial cell) wrapped in several layers of CT called ———-

Answer 7

Spinal Nerves

Question 8

In the Spinal nerves, the 1st pair of cervical nerves emerges from the spinal cord between the —————-and the—————–

Answer 8

base of the skull

1st cervical vertebrae (a.k.a atlas)

Question 9

In Spinal nerve ,

C1- —exit the spine above their corresponding vertebrae

Answer 9

C7

Question 10

In Spinal nerves,

—–exits between C7 and T1 vertebrae

Answer 10

C8

Question 11

T1- —–exit below their corresponding vertebrae

Answer 11

L5

Question 12

————-not all are aligned with their corresponding vertebrae -lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves descend from ——to their respective levels.

Answer 12

Spinal Nerves

L2

Question 13

All of the nervous tissues outside the CNS called ———

Answer 13

Peripheral nervous system

Question 14

spinal nerves

2 bundles of axons that connect the spinal nerve to the SC called

Answer 14

nerve root

Question 15

spinal nerves

———a bundle of motor axons

Answer 15

anterior root (ventral)

Question 16

spinal nerves

——-a bundle of sensory axons

Answer 16

posterior root (aka dorsal)

Question 17

spinal nerves

a swelling in the posterior root containing cell bodies of sensory neurons of the PNS called ——-

Answer 17

Posterior/dorsal root ganglion

aka unipolar, primary afferent

Question 18

What are the connective tissue of a spinal nerve ?

Answer 18

1. Endoneurium
2. Perineurium
3. Epinerium

Question 19

connective tissues of the spinal nerve

———–inner most, covers the axon (whether it’s myelinated or not), highly vascularized

Answer 19

endoneurium

Question 20

——–middle layer, covers fascicles (bundles of axons), Highly vascularized

Answer 20

perineurium

Question 21

What are the subdivisions of the PNS ?

Answer 21

1. Somatic NS (SNS)
2. Autonomic NS (ANS)
3. Enteric NS (ENS)

Question 22

SNS stands for ————–

Answer 22

Somatic nervous system

Question 23

Is the SNS Voluntary nervous system ? T or F

Answer 23

True

Question 24

In the SNS ; sensory neurons (aka 1st order neurons) convey info to the —— (e.g temp, pressure, pain)

Answer 24

CNS

Question 25

In the SNS ; motor neurons conduct signals from -------to-----------

Answer 25

CNS | Skeletal muscle only

Question 26

ANS stands for -------------------

Answer 26

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 27

ANS monitors -------------and controls --------body activities (e.g----------,---------,-----------) automatically.

Answer 27

sensory motor (cardiac, smooth muscle, glands)

Question 28

The ANS has 2 divisions :

Answer 28

1. Sympathetic nervous system (SyNS) | 2. Parasympathetic nervous system (PaNS)

Question 29

Fight or Flight called -------

Answer 29

Sympathetic nervous system (SyNS)

Question 30

High sympathetic activity comes from being excited, scared, threatened called ---------

Answer 30

Sympathetic nervous system (SyNS)

Question 31

Responses to the ----------------------includes ; pupil dilation, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, airway dilation, vasodilation of skeletal and cardiac mm, glucose release, vasoconstriction in kidney and the digestive tract.

Answer 31

Sympathetic nervous system (SyNS)

Question 32

Rest and Digest called ---------

Answer 32

Parasympathetic Nervous system (PaNS)

Question 33

----------------------conserve and restore energy systems

Answer 33

Parasympathetic Nervous system (PaNS)

Question 34

-----------------increased digestive and urinary functions.

Answer 34

Parasympathetic Nervous system (PaNS)

Question 35

The balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity called ---------

Answer 35

Autonomic tone

Question 36

The Autonomic Tone is regulated by the ----------

Answer 36

Hypothalamus

Question 37

Most organs have dual inner action between -------- and------

Answer 37

PaNS and SyNS

Question 38

For normal functioning there needs to be a ----------between sympathetic and parasympathetic

Answer 38

balance

Question 39

The effects of sympathetic stimulation last ---------and are more -----------than the effects of parasympathetic stimulation.

Answer 39

longer | widespread

Question 40

The major control and integration centre for the ANS is the --------------

Answer 40

hypothalamus

Question 41

Controls and monitors the SyNS and -----

Answer 41

ParNS

Question 42

ENS stands for -----------------

Answer 42

Enteric Nervous System (ENS)

Question 43

-----------neurons that monitor chemical changes within the GI tract and the stretching of its wall called ----------

Answer 43

Sensory | ENS (Enteric Nervous System)

Question 44

------ neurons control contraction of the GI tract smooth muscle and secretions of GI organs ( e.g. acid secretions by the stomach) called

Answer 44

motor | ENS (Enteric Nervous System)

Question 45

T or F the axon enters the dorsal horn and synapses with an interneuron - it's axon crosses over into the white matter of the opposite side and travels up to the brain as part of a sensory tract.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

T or F the axon enters the dorsal horn and synapses with an interneuron which in turn synapses with a somatic neuron in the ventral horn as part of a spinal reflex pathway

Answer 46

True

Question 47

The axon extends into the white matter and travels up to the brain as part of a sensory tract. T or F

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Peripheral sensory receptor detects ---------

Answer 48

stimulus

Question 49

Sensory input (in the form of AP) travels along the axon to the ----------in the dorsal --------

Answer 49

cell body | root ganglion

Question 50

Motor Output occurs via 2 ways ;

Answer 50

1. Somatic | 2. Autonomic

Question 51

Axons from the motor tract synapse with the somatic motor neurons in the ---------------on the -------------side. These axons extends through the -----------------then the ---------to innervate--------------- This motor outputs called -------

Answer 51

``` ventral horn contralateral side ventral root spinal nerve skeletal muscles Somatic motor output ```

Question 52

-----------motor neurons in the lateral horn send output along axons which sequentially pass through the lateral gray horn, the anterior gray horn and the anterior root to enter spinal nerve. From the spinal nerve the axons of autonomic motor neurons synapses with another group of --------------------------which will innervate ------------------,---------------or-----------

Answer 52

autonomic autonomic motor neurons cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, or glands

Question 53

What are the metabolic requirements of nervous tissues ?

Answer 53

1. high metabolic rate 2. glucose is the primary energy substrate for the nervous system but neurons have no glycogen stores (they get it from blood or from neuroglial cells)

Question 54

Although nervous tissue can adapt, it has limited ability to regenerate . T or F

Answer 54

True

Question 55

In the PNS - damage to the dendrites and myelinated axons can be repaired if the cell body is --------and -----------------are -----

Answer 55

intact Shawn cells active

Question 56

In the CNS; little or no repair of damaged neurons occurs. | T or F

Answer 56

True