Chapter 6 - Nervous Sys- Part 3 Flashcards
Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptor are all——–
PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)
Paths of communication between the brain and the periphery called ——
Cranial nerves
————-has 12 pairs of nerves that exit from the ——–of the brain.
cranial nerves
base
————-paths of communication between the SC and the periphery.
Spinal nerves
There are ——–pairs of Spinal nerves (C1-C7, T1-T12, L1-L5, S1-S5), they are numbered according to the region and level of the vertebral column which they emerge.
31
Spinal nerves connect the SC to : 1.---------------- 2.--------------- 3. -------------- in all part of the body
- receptors
- muscles
- glands
parallel bundles of axons (and their associated neuroglial cell) wrapped in several layers of CT called ———-
Spinal Nerves
In the Spinal nerves, the 1st pair of cervical nerves emerges from the spinal cord between the —————-and the—————–
base of the skull
1st cervical vertebrae (a.k.a atlas)
In Spinal nerve ,
C1- —exit the spine above their corresponding vertebrae
C7
In Spinal nerves,
—–exits between C7 and T1 vertebrae
C8
T1- —–exit below their corresponding vertebrae
L5
————-not all are aligned with their corresponding vertebrae -lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves descend from ——to their respective levels.
Spinal Nerves
L2
All of the nervous tissues outside the CNS called ———
Peripheral nervous system
spinal nerves
2 bundles of axons that connect the spinal nerve to the SC called
nerve root
spinal nerves
———a bundle of motor axons
anterior root (ventral)
spinal nerves
——-a bundle of sensory axons
posterior root (aka dorsal)
spinal nerves
a swelling in the posterior root containing cell bodies of sensory neurons of the PNS called ——-
Posterior/dorsal root ganglion
aka unipolar, primary afferent
What are the connective tissue of a spinal nerve ?
- Endoneurium
- Perineurium
- Epinerium
connective tissues of the spinal nerve
———–inner most, covers the axon (whether it’s myelinated or not), highly vascularized
endoneurium
——–middle layer, covers fascicles (bundles of axons), Highly vascularized
perineurium
What are the subdivisions of the PNS ?
- Somatic NS (SNS)
- Autonomic NS (ANS)
- Enteric NS (ENS)
SNS stands for ————–
Somatic nervous system
Is the SNS Voluntary nervous system ? T or F
True
In the SNS ; sensory neurons (aka 1st order neurons) convey info to the —— (e.g temp, pressure, pain)
CNS
In the SNS ; motor neurons conduct signals from ——-to———–
CNS
Skeletal muscle only
ANS stands for ——————-
Autonomic Nervous System
ANS monitors ————-and controls ——–body activities (e.g———-,———,———–) automatically.
sensory
motor
(cardiac, smooth muscle, glands)
The ANS has 2 divisions :
- Sympathetic nervous system (SyNS)
2. Parasympathetic nervous system (PaNS)
Fight or Flight called ——-
Sympathetic nervous system (SyNS)
High sympathetic activity comes from being excited, scared, threatened called ———
Sympathetic nervous system (SyNS)
Responses to the ———————-includes ;
pupil dilation, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, airway dilation, vasodilation of skeletal and cardiac mm, glucose release, vasoconstriction in kidney and the digestive tract.
Sympathetic nervous system (SyNS)
Rest and Digest called ———
Parasympathetic Nervous system (PaNS)
———————-conserve and restore energy systems
Parasympathetic Nervous system (PaNS)
—————–increased digestive and urinary functions.
Parasympathetic Nervous system (PaNS)
The balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity called ———
Autonomic tone
The Autonomic Tone is regulated by the ———-
Hypothalamus
Most organs have dual inner action between ——– and——
PaNS and SyNS
For normal functioning there needs to be a ———-between sympathetic and parasympathetic
balance
The effects of sympathetic stimulation last ———and are more ———–than the effects of parasympathetic stimulation.
longer
widespread
The major control and integration centre for the ANS is the ————–
hypothalamus
Controls and monitors the SyNS and —–
ParNS
ENS stands for —————–
Enteric Nervous System (ENS)
———–neurons that monitor chemical changes within the GI tract and the stretching of its wall called ———-
Sensory
ENS (Enteric Nervous System)
—— neurons control contraction of the GI tract smooth muscle and secretions of GI organs ( e.g. acid secretions by the stomach) called
motor
ENS (Enteric Nervous System)
T or F
the axon enters the dorsal horn and synapses with an interneuron - it’s axon crosses over into the white matter of the opposite side and travels up to the brain as part of a sensory tract.
True
T or F
the axon enters the dorsal horn and synapses with an interneuron which in turn synapses with a somatic neuron in the ventral horn as part of a spinal reflex pathway
True
The axon extends into the white matter and travels up to the brain as part of a sensory tract. T or F
True
Peripheral sensory receptor detects ———
stimulus
Sensory input (in the form of AP) travels along the axon to the ———-in the dorsal ——–
cell body
root ganglion
Motor Output occurs via 2 ways ;
- Somatic
2. Autonomic
Axons from the motor tract synapse with the somatic motor neurons in the —————on the ————-side. These axons extends through the —————–then the ———to innervate—————
This motor outputs called ——-
ventral horn contralateral side ventral root spinal nerve skeletal muscles Somatic motor output
———–motor neurons in the lateral horn send output along axons which sequentially pass through the lateral gray horn, the anterior gray horn and the anterior root to enter spinal nerve.
From the spinal nerve the axons of autonomic motor neurons synapses with another group of ————————–which will innervate ——————,—————or———–
autonomic
autonomic motor neurons
cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, or glands
What are the metabolic requirements of nervous tissues ?
- high metabolic rate
- glucose is the primary energy substrate for the nervous system but neurons have no glycogen stores (they get it from blood or from neuroglial cells)
Although nervous tissue can adapt, it has limited ability to regenerate . T or F
True
In the PNS - damage to the dendrites and myelinated axons can be repaired if the cell body is ——–and —————–are —–
intact
Shawn cells
active
In the CNS; little or no repair of damaged neurons occurs.
T or F
True
