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Physiology- Sutherland-Chan-Term1 > Chapter 6 - Nervous Sys-Part-2 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Nervous Sys-Part-2 Flashcards

1
Q

the brain and spinal cord are part of the ——

A

CNS

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2
Q
  1. Cranial nerves and their branches,
  2. Spinal nerves and their branches
  3. Ganglia
  4. Enteric plexuses
  5. Sensor receptors
    are all part of the ……………………nervous system
A

PNS (potential nervous system)

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3
Q

a cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS ———

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

a cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS ———

A

Ganglion

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5
Q

A bundle of axons in the CNS called ———

A

tract

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6
Q

Interconnect neurons in the spinal cord and brain called ———-

A

tracts

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7
Q

A bundle of Axons in the PNS called —–

A

nerve

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8
Q

Peripheral nerves connect the spinal cord to the——-

A

Periphery

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9
Q

Cranial nerves connect the brain to the ——–

A

periphery

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10
Q

Collections of cell bodies and unmyelinated nerve fibres in the CNS

A

Grey matter

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11
Q

Collections of myelinated axons on the CNS

A

White matter

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12
Q

What is the structure of the nervous sys;

A
  1. CNS

2. PNS

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13
Q

CNS- Spinal Cord

encased in the ———-

A

Vertebrae (bones of the spine)

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14
Q

CNS- Spinal Cord

Extends from the bottom part of the brain stem to ——–

A

L2 (2nd lumbar vertebra)

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15
Q

CNS- Spinal Cord

At L2 it tapers into a structure called the———

A

conus medullaris

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16
Q

CNS- Spinal Cord

The roots of the spinal nerves below the conus medullaris called ——————

A

cauda equina

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17
Q

CNS- Spinal Cord (Structure)

————surrounding an inner core of grey matter

A

White matter

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18
Q

CNS- Spinal Cord (Structure)

2 grooves that divide the white matter into right and left sides called ————–

A

Anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus

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19
Q

CNS- Spinal Cord (Structure)

a small tube in the centre of the spinal cord (SC) that contains CSF called ———–

A

central canal

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20
Q

In Grey Matter each side is divided into regions called ——–

A

horns

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21
Q

Posterior called horns; it is the axon of —————and ————-in the Gray Matter

A

incoming sensory neurons and interneurons

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22
Q

Anterior horn in the gray matter called——- in the Grey matter

A

motor nuclei , where neurons are leaving

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23
Q

Lateral horn in the Grey matter are found in the;
1.———–
2.———-
3.———-
and they contain the ————- ———.

A
  1. thoracic
  2. upper lumbar
  3. sacral portion
    - sympathetic nuclei
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24
Q

In the White matter each side is divided into regions called ———–

A

columns

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25
Q

The white matter has 3 regions;

A
  1. Anterior (aka ventral) columns
  2. Posterior (aka dorsal) columns
  3. Lateral columns
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26
Q

In the White matter each columns consist of ———(——) that have common region or destination.

A

axons (tracts)

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27
Q

In the White matter,————–tracts consist of axon that conduct APs toward the brain.

A

Sensory (ascending)

brain

28
Q

In the White matter,————–tracts consist of axon that conduct APs away from the brain.

A

motor (aka descending)

29
Q

There are 4 structure to the brain:

A
  1. brain stem
  2. cerebellum
  3. diencephalon
  4. cerebrum
30
Q

Continuos with the spinal cord (SC) it is the part between the SC and the diencephalon called———-

A

the brain stem

31
Q

There are 3 regions to the brain stem:

Those regions contain the ———————-

A
  1. Medulla Oblongata
  2. Pons
  3. Midbrain
    the nuclei of specific cranial nerves
32
Q

The net-like reticular formation extends through the ———-

A

brain stem

33
Q

Brain stem:

Contains centers (nuclei) for the control of heart, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing and vomiting called————

A

Medulla Oblongata

34
Q

Brain stem

contains centres for the control of breathing

A

Pons

35
Q

Brain Stem

contain centers for reflex visual activities (e.g. tracking moving objects, scanning stationary objects), hearing called ——

A

Midbrain

36
Q

In the Midbrain contains a nuclei called the ————– ———- neuron that make dopamine extend from it.

A

substantial nigra ( where dopamine is made)

37
Q

Brain Stem

The Retucula formation a net like formation of neural tissue that spreads throughout the brain stem contains the ————which help to perform 4 functions;

A

(RAS) Reticular activating system

  1. consciousness
  2. maintain attention
  3. prevent sensory overload by filtering out insignificant information
  4. regulate muscle tone
38
Q

—————is posterior to the brain stem

A

Cerebellum

39
Q

——————-smoothest and coordinate skeletal muscle contraction and regulates posture and balance.

A

Cerebellum

40
Q

Diencephalon contains 3 parts:

A
  1. Hypothalamus
  2. Thalamus
  3. epithalamus
41
Q

————is the major relay station for most sensory input to the cerebral cortex.

A

Thalamus

42
Q

—————contains the pineal gland, and involved in smelling (especially emotional responses to smells) and secreted melatonin

A

Epithalamus

43
Q

—————–major regulator of homeostasis, hormone production, eating, drinking, body temp, controls and integrate the autonomic nervous system(ans) , emotion and behavior(with limbic system), circadian rhythm.

A

Hypothalamus

44
Q

Diencephalon

(a 24 hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological and/or behavioral processes of living things) called —————found in the ——————

A

Circadian Rhythm

Hypothalamus

45
Q

—————–2 halves or hemispheres (right and left)

A

cerebrum

46
Q

Cerebrum consists of:
An outer rim of ——————–(————–)
and it has an inner region of ———————

A 
grey matter (cerebral cortex)
white matter
47
Q

———–has a gray matter nuclei deep within the white

A

Cerebrum

48
Q

Cerebrum
————– contains sensory area involved in perception and contains motor areas involved in the execution of voluntary movements.

A

Cerebral cortex

49
Q

—————is the outer region of the cerebrum

A

cerebral cortex

50
Q

Cerebrum

——————–contains areas that deal with more complex functions like memory, emotions, reasoning , will, judgment, personality traits, intelligence

A

Association areas(white matter)

51
Q

Cerebrum

——–aka basal nuclei , helps to regulate the starting and stoping of a movement and to reset muscle tone

A

Basal Ganglia

52
Q

Cerebrum

———–helps to control subconscious contraction of skeletal muscles and suppress unwanted movement.

A

Basal Ganglia

53
Q

Cerebrum

Functionally the basal Ganglia are linked to the ——- ———

A

substantial nigra (produces Dopamine)

54
Q

—————involved smelling , emotions, memory. It is also part of the hypothalamus, hippocampus,amygdala and other nearby structures.

A

The limbic system

55
Q

————functions in memory (encoding, consolidation, and retrieval)

A

Hippocampus

56
Q

————–very important in converting short-term memory into long-term memory

A

Hippocampus

57
Q

———important in emotional function (esp.fear)

A

Amygdala

58
Q

connective tissues of the CNS called———

A

Meninges

59
Q

———–three protective layers of CT that encircle the brain and SC.

A

Meninges

60
Q

connective tissues of the CNS

tough outer layer called ———

A

dura mater

61
Q

connective tissues of the CNS

middle layer called ——–

A

arachnoid membrane

62
Q

————they cover the brain/SC up to the point where the nerves exit the spinal cord.

A

connective tissues of the CNS

63
Q

———-the adipose and CT-filled space between the wall of the ———-canal and the dura mater .

A

epidural space
vertebrae
(no epidural space in the brain)

64
Q

————-interstitial fluid-filled space between the dura mater and arachnoid membrane.

A

subdural

65
Q

————CSF filled space between the arachnoid membrane and the the pia mater

A

Subarachnoid space

Physiology- Sutherland-Chan-Term1 (14 decks)

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