Chapter 7 Key Terms Flashcards
Acid citrate dextrose
ACD
An additive used in the collection of blood specimens for immunohematology tests such as DNA testing and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotyping used in paternity evaluation and to determine transplant compatibility, respectively. Acid citrate prevents coagulation by binding calcium and dextrose acts as a red blood cell nutrient and preservative by maintaining red cell viability
Additive
A substance (other than the tube stopper or coating) such as an anticoagulant, antiglycolytic agent, separator gel, preservative, or clot activator placed within a tube
Anticoagulant
A substance that prevents blood from clotting
Antigylcolytic agent
a substance that prevents glycolysis, the breakdown or metabolism of glucose (blood sugar) by blood cells. The most common antiglycolytic agent is sodium fluoride
Antiseptics
Substances used for skin cleaning that inhibit the growth of bacteria
Bevel
The point of a needle that is cut on a slant for ease of skin entry
Butterfly needle
Another name for Winged infusion set
Clot activator
A substance that enhances the coagulation process
Disinfectant
Substances or solutions that are used to remove or kill microorganisms on surfaces and instruments
EDTA
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid
An anticoagulant that prevents coagulation by bonding or cheating calcium and is used for hematology studies because it preserves cell morphology and inhibits platelet clumping
Evacuated tubes
Type of tubes used in blood collection that have a premeasured vacuum and are color-coded to denote the additive inside
Gauge
A number that related to the diameter of the linen of a needle
Glycolysis
The breakdown or metabolism of glucose (blood sugar) by blood cells
Heparin
Anticoagulant that prevents clotting by inhibiting thrombin formation
Hub
The end of the needle that attaches to the blood collection device; also the threaded end of a tube holder where the needle attaches
Hypodermic needle
The type of needle used with the syringe system
Lumen
The internal space of a blood vessel or tube
Multisample needle
A type of needle that allows multiple tubes to be collected with a single venipuncture
Order of draw
A special sequence of tube collection that is intended to minimize additive carryover or cross-contamination problems
Potassium oxalate
An anticoagulant commonly used with the antiglycolytic agent sodium fluoride
PST
Plasma separator tubes
Shaft
The long cylindrical portion of a needle
Sharps container
Special puncture-resistant, leakproof, disposable container used to dispose of used needles, lancets, and other sharp objects
Silica
Glass particles used to enhance the coagulation process; a clot activator
Sodium citrate
An anticoagulant that prevents clotting by binding calcium and is used for coagulation tests because it does the best job of preserving the coagulation factors
Sodium fluoride
An additive that preserves glucose and inhibits the growth of bacteria
Sodium polyanethol sulfonate
SPS
An anticoagulant used in blood culture collection that also reduces the action of a protein called complement that destroys bacteria, slows down phagocytosis (ingestion of bacteria by leukocytes), and reduces the activity of certain antibiotics
SST
Serum separator tubes
Thixotropic gel
An inert (non reacting) synthetic gel substance in some ETS tubes (e.g., SST, PST, and PPT) that prevents blood cells from continuing to metabolize substances in the serum or plasma by forming a psychical barrier between the cells and serum or plasma when the specimen is centrifuged
Tube additive
Any substance placed within a tube other than the tube stopper or the coating of the tube
Winged infusion set
A 1/2 to 3/4- inch stainless steel needle permanently connected to a 5- to 12- inch length of tubing with either a Luer attachment for syringe use or a multisample Luer adapter for use with the evacuated tube; also called a butterfly needle
Tourniquet
A device (typically a flat strip of stretchable material) applied to a limb prior to venipuncture to restrict venous flow, which distends the veins and makes them easier to find and pierce with a needle
Resheathing devices
Equipment such as shields that cover a needle after use
Evacuated tube system
ETS
A closed system in which the patients blood flows directly into a collection tube through a needle inserted into a vein
Tube holder
A clear, plastic disposable cylinder with a small threaded opening at one end where the needle is screwed into it and a large opening at the other end where an ETS collection tube is placed
Vacuum
Negative pressure, or artificially created absence of air
Short draw
An underfilled or partially filled tube
Short draw tubes
Tubes designed to partially fill without compromising test results
Syringe system
A sterile safety needle, a disposable plastic syringe, and a transfer device
Syringe transfer device
A special piece of equipment used to safely transfer blood from a syringe into ETS tubes
Barrel
A term for the cylindrical body if a syringe with graduated markings in either milliliters (mL) or cubic centimeters (cc)
Plunger
A rodlike device that fits tightly into the barrel of a syringe and creates a vacuum when pulled back in the process of filling the syringe
S-Monovette Blood Collection System
Is a complete system for blood collection in which the blood collection tube and collection apparatus are combined in a single unit. The unit allows the specimen to be collected by either an evacuated tube or syringe system technique. The units are available with regular or butterfly-style needles.
Oxalates
Prevent coagulation by precipitating Calcium
