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Phlebotomy > Chapter 3 SAFETY > Flashcards

Chapter 3 SAFETY Flashcards

1
Q

What are some employee infection control programs?

A
  • Employee screening and immunization (TB,PPD, RPR)
  • evaluation and treatment
  • surveillance or monitoring
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2
Q

What are some infection control methods?

A
  • hand hygiene
  • personal protective equipment
  • putting on and removing protective clothing
  • nursing and neonatal ICU infection control technique
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3
Q

What are the main reasons for the wearing of gloves?

A
  • to prevent contamination of the hands when handling blood or body fluids or when touching mucous membranes or non intact skin
  • to reduce the chance of transmitting organisms on the hands of personnel to patients during invasive or other procedures that involve touching a patients skin or mucous membranes
  • to minimize the possibility of transmitting infectious microorganisms from one patient to another
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4
Q

What is the proper way to glove removal ?

A

Grab one glove at the wrist and pull it inside out and off the hand, ending up with it in the palm of the still-gloved hand. Slip fingers of the involved hand under the second glove at the wrist and pull it off the hand, ending with one glove inside the other with the contaminated surfaces inside.

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5
Q

What is the proper way to removing gowns?

A

From the inside by sliding the arms out of the sleeves. The gown is then held away from the body and folded with the contaminated outside surface ending up inside.

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6
Q

A mask is worn to protect against what ?

A

Droplets generates by coughing and sneezing.

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7
Q

When are NIOSH approved N95 respirators required?

A

When entering rooms of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and other diseases with airborne transmissions
*MUST FIT SNUGLY WITH NO AIR LEAKS

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8
Q

What is the correct order of putting on protective clothing?

A

Gown —> mask —> gloves

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9
Q

What is the correct order of removing protective clothing?

TEST ***

A

Gloves —> mask (only touching strings) —> gown

* clean / wash hands using alcohol-based antiseptic afterwards

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10
Q

What does typical nurse and neonatal ICU infection control technique include?

A
  • put on clean gloves, gown, and mask
  • gather only those items necessary to perform the specimen collection
  • leave the blood collection tray in the washroom outside the nursery
  • remove gloves, decontaminate hands, and put on new gloves between each patient.
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11
Q

What type of patients require protective / reverse isolation ?

A

Those with suppressed or compromised immune function such as lien patients, organ transplant patients, AIDs paitents, and neutropenic chemotherapy patients

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12
Q

What is a neutrophil ?

A

Type of white blood cell

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13
Q

What are the two types of traditional isolation systems?

A

The category specific system and the disease-specific system

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14
Q

What does the category-specific system consist of?

A

7 different isolation categories covering many diseases and often resulted in over isolation of patients and needless extra cost

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15
Q

What was the disease specific system ?

A

Based on the modes of transmission of common diseases

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16
Q

What was required by BSI (body substance isolation) ?

A

Glove be worn when contacting any moist body substance.

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17
Q

Standard precautions apply to :

A
  • blood
  • all body fluids
  • nonintact skin
  • mucous membranes
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18
Q

What are the 3 types of transmission based precautions?

A

Airborne, droplet, and contact precautions

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19
Q

What are the most common biohazard exposure routes?

A 
Airborne 
Ingestion
Nonintact skin 
Percutaneous
Permucosal
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20
Q

What is Hepatitis B caused by ?

A

HBV, a potentially life threatening blood-borne pathogen that targets the liver

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21
Q

What body fluids is HBV present in?

A

Blood, urine, semen , cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and saliva

22
Q

How long can HBV survive on work surfaces?

A

A week

23
Q

What are the symptoms that follow with an HBV infection?

A 
Fatigue, loss of appetite, mild fever, muscle joint, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting 
Jaundice (25%) 
No symptoms (50%)
24
Q

Where can HCV be found in the body?

A

Primarily in blood and serum
Less frequently in saliva
Seldom in urine and semen

25
Q

What percentage of symptoms are displayed for patients who have the HCV infection ?

A

25% to 30%

26
Q

What is the difference between engineering controls and work practice controls?

A

Engineering controls are devices that isolate or remove a BBP hazard. Work practice controls are practices that change the way tasks are performs to reduce the likelihood of BBP exposure

27
Q

What are some BBP exposure routes?

A
  • the skin is pierced by a contaminated needle or sharp object
  • blood or other body fluid slashed into the eyes, nose, or mouth
  • blood or other body fluid comes in contact with a cut, scratch, or abrasion
  • a human bite breaks the skin
28
Q

What agencies regulate biohazard waste disposal?

A

OSHA, EPA, and state agencies

29
Q

What actions should be taken in case of an electric shock?

A
  • shut off the source of electricity
  • if the source of electricity cannot be shut off, use nonconducting material to remove the source of electricity from a victim
  • call for medical assistance
  • start cardiopulmonary resuscitation if indicated
  • keep the victim warm
30
Q

What are the four fire components necessary for fire to occur?

A

Fuel, heat, oxygen, chemical reaction

31
Q

How do Class A fires occur and requires what to extinguish the fire?

A

With ordinary combustible materials such as wood, papers , or clothing, and require water or water based solutions to cool or quench the fire to extinguish

32
Q

How do Class B fires occur and requires what to extinguish the fire?

A

With flammable liquids and vapors such as paint, oil, grease, or gasoline and require blocking the source of oxygen or smothering the fuel to extinguish

33
Q

How do Class C fires occur and requires what to extinguish the fire?

A

With electrical equipment and require nonconducting agents to extinguish

34
Q

How do Class D fires occur and requires what to extinguish the fire?

A

With combustible or reactive metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and lithium and require dry powder agents or sand to extinguish
*EXPLOSIONS

35
Q

How do Class K fires occur and requires what to extinguish the fire?

A

With high-temperature cooking oils, grease, or fats and require agents that prevent splashing and cook the fire as well as smother it

36
Q

Class A extinguishers use what?

A

Soda and acid or water to cool the fire

37
Q

Class B extinguishers use what?

A

Foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide to smother the fire

38
Q

Class C extinguishers use what?

A

Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, Halon, or other nonconducting agents to smother the fire

39
Q

Class ABC (multipurpose) extinguishers use what?

A

Dry chemical reagents to smother the fire. They can be used on Class A, B, and C fires.

40
Q

Class K extinguishers use what?

A

Potassium-based alkaline liquid specifically formulated to fight high-temperature grease, oil, or fat fires by cooling and smothering them without splashing.
Some can be used on Class A, B, and C fires

41
Q

What does the PASS operation stand for?

A

Pull pin
Aim nozzle
Squeeze trigger
Sweep nozzle

42
Q

What does the NFPA order of action code RACE stand for?

A

Rescue individuals in danger
Alarm:sound the alarm
Confine the fire by closing all doors and windows
Extinguish the fire with the nearest suitable fire extinguisher

43
Q

What are the principles involved in radiation exposure?

A

Distance, shielding, and time

44
Q

The HazCom Standard is known as what ?

A

The Right to Know Law

45
Q

What does a material safety data sheet contain?

A

General information as well as precautionary and emergency information for the product. Every product with a hazardous warning on the label require and MSDS to help ensure that it will be used safely and as intended

46
Q

According to American Red Cross guidelines, how can hemorrhage from an obvious wound can be effectively controlled?

A

By firmly applying pressure to the wound until bleeding stops or EMS rescuers arrive.

47
Q

When does a state of shock occur ?

A

When there is insufficient return of blood flow to the heart, resulting in inadequate supply of oxygen to all organs and tissues of the body.

48
Q

What causes shock ?

A

Hemorrhage , heart attack, trauma, and drug reactions

49
Q

What are the common symptoms of shock?

A
  • pale, cold, clammy skin
  • rapid, weak pulse
  • increased, shallow breathing rate
  • expressionless face and staring eyes
50
Q

What to do when providing first aid to victim of shock:

A
  1. Maintain an open airway for the victim
  2. Call for assistance
  3. Keep the victim lying down with the head lower than the rest of the body
  4. Attempt to control bleeding or other cause of shock if known
  5. Keep the victim warm until help arrives
51
Q

What is the AHA four step course of action used to aid victims?

A
  1. Early access to care
  2. Early CPR
  3. Early defibrillation
  4. Advanced care
52
Q

What three components are the most accurate measurements for fitness?

A

Strength, flexibility, and endurance

Phlebotomy (15 decks)

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