Chapter 3 SAFETY Flashcards
What are some employee infection control programs?
- Employee screening and immunization (TB,PPD, RPR)
- evaluation and treatment
- surveillance or monitoring
What are some infection control methods?
- hand hygiene
- personal protective equipment
- putting on and removing protective clothing
- nursing and neonatal ICU infection control technique
What are the main reasons for the wearing of gloves?
- to prevent contamination of the hands when handling blood or body fluids or when touching mucous membranes or non intact skin
- to reduce the chance of transmitting organisms on the hands of personnel to patients during invasive or other procedures that involve touching a patients skin or mucous membranes
- to minimize the possibility of transmitting infectious microorganisms from one patient to another
What is the proper way to glove removal ?
Grab one glove at the wrist and pull it inside out and off the hand, ending up with it in the palm of the still-gloved hand. Slip fingers of the involved hand under the second glove at the wrist and pull it off the hand, ending with one glove inside the other with the contaminated surfaces inside.
What is the proper way to removing gowns?
From the inside by sliding the arms out of the sleeves. The gown is then held away from the body and folded with the contaminated outside surface ending up inside.
A mask is worn to protect against what ?
Droplets generates by coughing and sneezing.
When are NIOSH approved N95 respirators required?
When entering rooms of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and other diseases with airborne transmissions
*MUST FIT SNUGLY WITH NO AIR LEAKS
What is the correct order of putting on protective clothing?
Gown —> mask —> gloves
What is the correct order of removing protective clothing?
TEST ***
Gloves —> mask (only touching strings) —> gown
* clean / wash hands using alcohol-based antiseptic afterwards
What does typical nurse and neonatal ICU infection control technique include?
- put on clean gloves, gown, and mask
- gather only those items necessary to perform the specimen collection
- leave the blood collection tray in the washroom outside the nursery
- remove gloves, decontaminate hands, and put on new gloves between each patient.
What type of patients require protective / reverse isolation ?
Those with suppressed or compromised immune function such as lien patients, organ transplant patients, AIDs paitents, and neutropenic chemotherapy patients
What is a neutrophil ?
Type of white blood cell
What are the two types of traditional isolation systems?
The category specific system and the disease-specific system
What does the category-specific system consist of?
7 different isolation categories covering many diseases and often resulted in over isolation of patients and needless extra cost
What was the disease specific system ?
Based on the modes of transmission of common diseases
What was required by BSI (body substance isolation) ?
Glove be worn when contacting any moist body substance.
Standard precautions apply to :
- blood
- all body fluids
- nonintact skin
- mucous membranes
What are the 3 types of transmission based precautions?
Airborne, droplet, and contact precautions
What are the most common biohazard exposure routes?
Airborne Ingestion Nonintact skin Percutaneous Permucosal
What is Hepatitis B caused by ?
HBV, a potentially life threatening blood-borne pathogen that targets the liver
What body fluids is HBV present in?
Blood, urine, semen , cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and saliva
How long can HBV survive on work surfaces?
A week
What are the symptoms that follow with an HBV infection?
Fatigue, loss of appetite, mild fever, muscle joint, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting Jaundice (25%) No symptoms (50%)
Where can HCV be found in the body?
Primarily in blood and serum
Less frequently in saliva
Seldom in urine and semen
What percentage of symptoms are displayed for patients who have the HCV infection ?
25% to 30%
What is the difference between engineering controls and work practice controls?
Engineering controls are devices that isolate or remove a BBP hazard. Work practice controls are practices that change the way tasks are performs to reduce the likelihood of BBP exposure
What are some BBP exposure routes?
- the skin is pierced by a contaminated needle or sharp object
- blood or other body fluid slashed into the eyes, nose, or mouth
- blood or other body fluid comes in contact with a cut, scratch, or abrasion
- a human bite breaks the skin
What agencies regulate biohazard waste disposal?
OSHA, EPA, and state agencies
What actions should be taken in case of an electric shock?
- shut off the source of electricity
- if the source of electricity cannot be shut off, use nonconducting material to remove the source of electricity from a victim
- call for medical assistance
- start cardiopulmonary resuscitation if indicated
- keep the victim warm
What are the four fire components necessary for fire to occur?
Fuel, heat, oxygen, chemical reaction
How do Class A fires occur and requires what to extinguish the fire?
With ordinary combustible materials such as wood, papers , or clothing, and require water or water based solutions to cool or quench the fire to extinguish
How do Class B fires occur and requires what to extinguish the fire?
With flammable liquids and vapors such as paint, oil, grease, or gasoline and require blocking the source of oxygen or smothering the fuel to extinguish
How do Class C fires occur and requires what to extinguish the fire?
With electrical equipment and require nonconducting agents to extinguish
How do Class D fires occur and requires what to extinguish the fire?
With combustible or reactive metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and lithium and require dry powder agents or sand to extinguish
*EXPLOSIONS
How do Class K fires occur and requires what to extinguish the fire?
With high-temperature cooking oils, grease, or fats and require agents that prevent splashing and cook the fire as well as smother it
Class A extinguishers use what?
Soda and acid or water to cool the fire
Class B extinguishers use what?
Foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide to smother the fire
Class C extinguishers use what?
Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, Halon, or other nonconducting agents to smother the fire
Class ABC (multipurpose) extinguishers use what?
Dry chemical reagents to smother the fire. They can be used on Class A, B, and C fires.
Class K extinguishers use what?
Potassium-based alkaline liquid specifically formulated to fight high-temperature grease, oil, or fat fires by cooling and smothering them without splashing.
Some can be used on Class A, B, and C fires
What does the PASS operation stand for?
Pull pin
Aim nozzle
Squeeze trigger
Sweep nozzle
What does the NFPA order of action code RACE stand for?
Rescue individuals in danger
Alarm:sound the alarm
Confine the fire by closing all doors and windows
Extinguish the fire with the nearest suitable fire extinguisher
What are the principles involved in radiation exposure?
Distance, shielding, and time
The HazCom Standard is known as what ?
The Right to Know Law
What does a material safety data sheet contain?
General information as well as precautionary and emergency information for the product. Every product with a hazardous warning on the label require and MSDS to help ensure that it will be used safely and as intended
According to American Red Cross guidelines, how can hemorrhage from an obvious wound can be effectively controlled?
By firmly applying pressure to the wound until bleeding stops or EMS rescuers arrive.
When does a state of shock occur ?
When there is insufficient return of blood flow to the heart, resulting in inadequate supply of oxygen to all organs and tissues of the body.
What causes shock ?
Hemorrhage , heart attack, trauma, and drug reactions
What are the common symptoms of shock?
- pale, cold, clammy skin
- rapid, weak pulse
- increased, shallow breathing rate
- expressionless face and staring eyes
What to do when providing first aid to victim of shock:
- Maintain an open airway for the victim
- Call for assistance
- Keep the victim lying down with the head lower than the rest of the body
- Attempt to control bleeding or other cause of shock if known
- Keep the victim warm until help arrives
What is the AHA four step course of action used to aid victims?
- Early access to care
- Early CPR
- Early defibrillation
- Advanced care
What three components are the most accurate measurements for fitness?
Strength, flexibility, and endurance
