Chapter 7: Introduction to the Endocrine System Flashcards
chemical messengers released from endocrine cells or glands, where they diffuse into the blood and travel to target cells
hormones
are endocrine cells vasularized?
yes highly vascularized
will the various effects of hormones on body systems ever counteract one another?
no
what processes do hormones control?
- metabolism
- regulation of internal environment
- reproduction
- growth & development
what form do hormones take?
- classic hormone
- neurohormones
- cytokines
secreted by endocrine cells and glands)
classic hormone
secreted by neurons
neurohormones
- blur the line of hormone
- secreted by paracrine cell of the immune system
cytokines
what are the possible actions on target cells?
- control rates of reactions
- control transport across the membrane
- control gene expression and protein production
what are the two types of endocrine organs?
- primary endocrine organs
- secondary endocrine organs
- primary function is the secretion of hormones
- thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland
primary endocrine organs
- diffuse endocrine system, for which the secretion of hormones occurs secondary to some other function
- heart, liver, kidney
secondary endocrine organs
- located in hypothalamus glands
- primary target is anterior pituitary
- release or inhibit pituitary hormones
trophic hormones [peptide, amino acid derived]
- located in posterior pituitary neurons
- targets breast and uterus
- milk ejection; labor and delivery; behavior
oxytocin [peptide]
- located in posterior pituitary neurons
- targets kidneys
- water reabsorption
vasopressin (ADH) [peptide]
- located in anterior pituitary gland
- targets breast
- milk production
prolactin [peptide]
- located in anterior pituitary gland
- targets liver and many tissues
- growth factor secretion
- growth and metabolism
growth hormone (somatotrophin) [peptide]
- located in anterior pituitary gland
- targets adrenal cortex
- cortisol release
corticotropin (ACTH) [ peptide]
- located in anterior pituitary gland
- targets thyroid gland
- thyroid hormone synthesis
thyrotropin (TSH) [peptide]
- located in anterior pituitary gland
- targets gonads
- egg or sperm production; sex hormone production
follicle stimulating hormone [peptide]
- located in anterior pituitary gland
- targets gonads
- sex hormone production; egg or sperm production
luteinizing hormone [peptide]
- located in parathyroid gland
- targets bone, kidney
- regulates plasma, Ca2+, and phosphate levels
parathyroid hormone [peptide]
- located in thyroid gland
- targets many tisses
- metabolism, growth, and development
triiodothyronine and thyroxine [amino acid derived]
- located in thyroid
- targets bone
- plasma calcium levels
calcitonin [peptide]