Chapter 7:human nutrition Flashcards by Ahmedh Rifky

What is a balanced diet

A diet that contains all the required nutrients in suitable proportions and the right amount of energy

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What are the 7 type of nutrients needed

-carbohydrates
-proteins
-lipids
-vitamins
-minerals
-dietary fibre
-water

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What does the amount of energy you use depends on?

-age
-gender
-activity/job

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What causes scurvy

Vitamin C deficiency

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What are the symptoms of survey

-anaemia
-exhaustion
-pain in the limbs
-swelling
-tooth loss

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what causes rickets

Vitamin D deficiency

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Symptoms of rickets

-bone pain
-lack of bone growth
-swift,weak bones

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Function of carbohydrates

Source of energy

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Function of protein

Growth and repair

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Function if lipid

Insulation and energy storage

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Function of dietary fibre

Helps food to pass through the intestine

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Function of vitamins

Needed in small quantities to maintain health

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Function of minerals

Needed in small quantities to maintain health

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Function of water

Needed for chemical reactions to take place in cells

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Function of vitamin C

-form essential part of collagen protein

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Function of vitamin D

Helps the body to absorb calcium for strong teeth and bones

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Function of calcium

Needed for strong teeth and bones
Involved in the clothing of blood

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Function of iron

Needed to make haemoglobin

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What is the digestive system

The group that carried out digestion of food

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What does the digestive system include

-the alimentary canal
-the liver
-the pancreas

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What does the digestive system do

It works together to break down the food we eat so that it can be absorbed into the blood and delivered to the body cells

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What are the stages of food breakdown

1.ingestion
2.digestion
3.absorption
4.assimilation
5.egestion

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Function of ingestion

Taking of substances into the body through the mouth

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Function of digestion

The breakdown of food

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Function of absorption

The movement of nutrients from the intestines into the blood

Function of assimilation

Uptake and use of nutrients by cells

Function of egestion

The removal of undigested food from the body as faeces

What is peristalsis

The wall of the alimentary canal contains muscles which contrast and relax to make food move along

What is the small intestine separated to?

Duodenum Ileum

What is the large intestine divided into

Colon Rectum Anus

Describe physical digestion

the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules

What does physical digestion help in?

It increases the surface area of food for the action of enzymes in chemical digestion

What is the function of teeth

To help with ingestion and mechanical digestion of the food we eat

Function of enamel

The very strong material that covered the surface of a tooth

Function of dentine

A living tissue that lies beneath the enamel of the tooth

Function of cement

The material that holds a tooth in the gum

What are the 4 type of teeth

-incisors -canine -premolar -molar

What is a incisor

A chiselled shaped for biting and cutting food in the front of the mouth

Function of canine

Pointed for tearing,holding and biting

Function of premolar and molar

Larger ,fat surfaces with ridges at the edges for chewing and grinding up food

What is the role of bile

It breaks down large drops of fat into smaller ones.

What is emulsification

The breakdown of large fat droplets to smaller ones

Why does emulsification take place

To have a larger surface area so that liaise can chemically breakdown the lipid into glycerol and fatty acids faster

Describe chemical digestion

the break down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules

What is the role of chemical digestion

To produce small soluble molecules that can be absorbed

What is the function of amylase

amylase breaks down starch to maltase

Function of protease

Protease breaks down protein to amino acids

Function of lipase

Lipase breaks down fats and oils to fatty acids and glycerol

Where is amylase secreted

By the salivary glands and the pancreas

Where is protease secreted

By the walls of the stomach and the pancreas

Where is lipase secreted

By the pancreas

Where does amylase act

In the mouth and duodenum

Where does protease act

In the duodenum

The function of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice

It kills harmful microorganisms in food and prodded an acidic pH for optimum enzyme activity

Describe the digestion of starch in the digestive system

1:amylase breaks down starch to maltose 2:maltase breaks down maltose to glucose on the membranes of the epithelium lining the small intestine

Describe the digestion of protein by protease in the digestive system

1:pepsin breaks down protein in the acidic conditions of the stomach 2:trypsin breaks down protein in the alkaline conditions of the small intestine

Where is nutrients absorbed

Small intestine

Where is water most absorbed in

The small intestine and sometimes the colon

What is villi

A small finger like projections line the inner surface of thr small intestine greatly increasing the surface area

Role of blood capillaries in villi

Absorbs amino acids,glucose,vitamins,minerals and water

Role of hepatic portal vein

Taking blood to the liver

Role for artery

Brigs blood from the heart

Role of lacteal

Absorbs fatty acids and glycerol

Role of goblet cell

Secreted mucus to trap pathogens

Where does maltase break down to maltose into glucose

In the microvilli