chapter 6:plant nutrition Flashcards
Describe photosynthesis
the process by which plants synthesise carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light
state the word equation for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen
In the presence of light and chlorophyll
What is chlorophyll
a green pigment that is found in chloroplasts
how does chlorophyll help in the synthesis of carbohydrates
chlorophyll transfers energy from light into energy in chemicals,for the synthesis of carbohydrates
state the balances chemical equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is the glucose mass in photosynthesis used for
-Making sucrose
-releasing useful energy
-storage to use later
-making cellulose
-making nectar to attract pollinators
-making amino acids,to make proteins
What is magnesium used for
it is needed to make chlorophyll
What is the need of nitrate ions
To make amino acids,to make proteins
Why is magnesium ion and nitrate ion important in photosynthesis
Without a source of these elements,plants cannot photosynthesis or grow properly
Factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis
-the supply of raw materials (carbon dioxide and water)
-the amount of sunlight
-The temperature
-The quantity of chlorophyll
How do you test the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis
-using an aquatic plant,use a lamp placed at different measured distances from the plant,the closer the lamp the greater the light intensity
How do you test the effect of carbon dioxide concentration or temperature on the rate of photosynthesis
-different quantities of sodium hydrocarbon-ate to the water is surrounding the plant.this decomposes in water to give off carbon dioxide
Why is a aquatic plant used
They are useful for investigating the rate of photosynthesis becuase we can see bubbles of oxygen being released in water so it would be easy to count the amount of bubbles produced in a set time
Testing the effect of light and darkness on gas exchange in an aquatic plant
-we can investigate the effect of light on the net gas exchange in an aquatic plant using a pH indicator such as hydrogen carbonate indicator
What is limiting factor
Something present in the environment in such short supply that it restricts life process
What are the three main factors which limit the rate of photosynthesis
-temperature
-light intensity
-carbon dioxide concentration
what is common in leaves
-they are thin
-large surface area
Why is large surface area important
It allows a large amount of sunlight to fall onto the leaf and it increases the rate at which carbon dioxide can diffuse into the leaf from thin air
Why is important leaves are thin?
So that sunlight can pass right through the leaf,allowing many cells to photosynthesise so that it helps the carbon dioxide reach the cells quickly by diffusion
what is located in the mesophyll layer
1.upper epidermis
2.palisade mesophyll
3.spongy mesophyll
4.lower epidermis
What is in the vascular bundle
-xylem
-phloem
Function of epidermis
-allows more light to pass through the palisade cells
Function of palisade mesophyll cells
Mainly photosynthesis
Function of spongy mesophyll
Some photosynthesis take place
Function of xylem
Water is provided through the xylem tissue
Function of stomata
Carbon dioxide enters by diffusion through the stomata
