Chapter 1:characteristics of organism Flashcards
Name 7 characteristics of organisms
1-movement
2-respiration
3-Sensitivity
4-growth
5-reproduction
6-excretion
7-nutrition
What is movement
an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place
What is respiration
the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism
What is sensitivity
the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment
What is growth
a permanent increase in size and dry mass
What is reproduction
the processes that make more of the same kind of organism
What is excretion
the removal of the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements
What is nutrition
the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development
How are organisms classified?
By the features that they share
Definition of species
a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
What is the binomial system
naming species as an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species
What do all vertebrates have in common
Backbones
Name features common in birds
-feathers
-four chambered heart
-wings
-beak
-lay eggs with hard shells
Name features common in amphibians
-smooth skin
-lay eggs with no shells in water
Name features common in fish
-scales
-lay eggs with no shells in water
Features common in reptiles
-scales
Lay soft shelled eggs on land
Features in mammals
-hair
-four chambered heart
-placenta
-memory glands
-different type of teeth
What is common in arthropods
-joined legs
-segmented bodies
Common features in arachnids
-body divided into head and cephalothorax
-four pairs of jointed legs
Features common in myriapods
-many segmented segments
-each segment with one pair of jointed legs
Common features of insects
-body divided into head,thorax and abdomen
-six joined legs attached to the thorax
-four wings attached to the thorax
Common features of crustaceans
-more than four pairs of jointed legs
-hard shell
Characteristics in animal kingdom
-multicellular
-no cell wall
-have nucleus
-feed on organic substances made by other organisms
Characteristics in plant kingdom
-multicellular
-cell wall made out of cellulose
-have nucleus
-make their own organic substances from inorganic ones,by photosynthesis
Characteristics in fungus kingdom
-multicellular or unicellular
-cell wall made out of chitin
-have nucleus
-feed on dead or decaying organic material
Characteristics of protoctist kingdom
-unicellular
-some have cell walls some do not
-have a nucleus
Characteristics of prokaryote kingdom
-unicellular
-have a cell wall
-no nucleus
What are the two groups in plant kingdom
-ferns
-flowering plants
Features of ferns
-leaves called fronds
-reproduce with spores that grow on the backs of the fronds
What are the two types of flowering plants
-monocotyledon
-dicotyledon
Features of a monocotyledons
-a single cotyledon
-usually 3 petals
-leaves with parallel veins
-branching root system
-wide leaves
Features of dicotyledon
-two cotyledons
-usually 4 to 5 petals
-a network of veins
-a tap root
-Broad leaves
Why are viruses not classified as living organisms?
-it does not share all 7 characteristics of a living organism (it only has reproduction )
-they are not made of cells
What is a virus
A virus is a piece of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat.
What is the structure of a virus
A simple genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protein coat
