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IGCSE Biology > Chapter 17: Inheritence > Flashcards

Chapter 17: Inheritence Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the nucleus of every cell contain?

A

Chromosomes

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2
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A thread like structure made of DNA, which carries genetic information in the form of genes.

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3
Q

What does DNA carry?

A

The information that has to be passed on from parent to offspring: the genetic code.

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4
Q

Where is DNA carried?

A

In the nucleus of the sperm and eggs cells.

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5
Q

What is inheritance?

A

The transmission of genetic information from generation to generation.

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6
Q

What is DNA made up of?

A

Many genes.

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7
Q

What does each gene carry?

A

The information for making a particular protein.

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8
Q

What is a gene?

A

Is a length of DNA that codes for proteins.

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9
Q

What does each DNA molecule contain?

A

tens of thousands of smaller molecules called bases.

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10
Q

What are the bases of DNA?

A

A- Adenine
T- Thymine
C- Cytosine
G- Guanine

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11
Q

What determines the proteins that will be made in a cell?

A

The sequence of bases and their arrangement in the DNA.

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12
Q

What are proteins made up of?

A

Amino acids.

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13
Q

What does the sequence of amino acid determine?

A

The structure and the function of the protein.

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14
Q

What does the sequence of bases in DNA determine?

A

The sequence of amino acids in a protein, and so, the structure and the function of that protein.

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15
Q

What are the functions of proteins?

A
  1. Enzymes
  2. Antibodies
  3. Receptors for neurotransmitters
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16
Q

What does the proteins made in a cell determine?

A

The cell’s features and the features that the cell is a part of.

17
Q

Where is DNA?

A

In the nucleus.

18
Q

What is the function of the ribosome?

A

Protein synthesis.

19
Q

Where is the ribosomes located?

A

In the cell’s cytoplasm.

20
Q

Why is a copy of the DNA only sent out? Why is the DNA never sent out of the nucleus?

A

The DNA contains all the information about how the cell and the organism will develop - It is too precious to be allowed outside the cell.

21
Q

What is the DNA copy called?

A

messenger RNA - mRNA

22
Q

Where does the mRNA go to?

A

The ribosomes.

23
Q

Describe how the mRNA makes proteins in the ribosome.

A

The mRNA moves into a groove in the ribosome and amino acids are brought to this groove as the mRNA sequence lies in it. Using the sequence of bases in the mRNA the ribosome links amino acids together in the correct sequence to make the protein.

24
Q

What is gene expression?

A

Is is when a certain sequ

IGCSE Biology (22 decks)

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