Chapter 4:biological molecules Flashcards
What’s the chemical elements in carbohydrates
-carbon
-oxygen
-hydrogen
What’s the chemical elements in proteins
-carbon
-oxygen
-hydrogen
-nitrogen
-sulphur
What’s the chemical elements in lipids
-carbon
-oxygen
-hydrogen
What is the smallest unit of carbohydrates
Sugars
Examples of carbohydrates
-starch
-cellulose
-sugars
-glycogen
Function of glycogen in the body
To release energy in cells,it is transported around the human body dissolved in the blood plasma
Function of glucose in plants
In plants glucose is stored in the form of starch,it can be broken down to glucose when is needed by plants
Function of cellulose
Makes plant walls
Function of glycogen in the liver
Glycogen is stored in the liver and it breaks down glycogen to glucose when the body needs it
What is the smallest unit for lipids
Fatty acids and glycerol
What are the two types of lipids
-fats and oils
What is the difference between fats and oils
Fat-solid at room temperature
Oil-liquid at room temperature
What is the function of lipids
-it is the main component for cell membrane
-used as energy stores
What is the smallest unit of proteins
-amino acids
Function of protein
All enzymes are proteins so it:
-increases the rate of reaction
-antibodies which are proteins help protect the body against pathogen
-haemoglobin which is a protein helps transport blood
-cell membrane is made from proteins
What test is used to test for lipids
Ethanol test
What test is used to test for starch
Iodine test
What test is used to test for protein
Biuret test
What test is used to test reducing sugar
Benedict’s test
What is used to test for vitamin C
DCPIP
Colour change in lipids
Turns White
Colour change in starch
Brown to blue/black
Colour change in protein
Blue to violet/purple
Colour change for reducing sugar
Blue to green to yellow to red
Colour change for vitamin c
Purple to clear
What is DNA
A material that makes up our genes and chromosomes
what are the pairing for the DNA pairing
-A with T
-C with G
Describe the structure of a DNA molecule
-two strands coiled together to form a double helix
-each strand contains chemicals called bases
-bonds between pairs of bases hold the strands together
-the bases always pair up in the same way: A with T, and C with G
