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World History And Cultures > Chapter 7-Greece:Home Of Beauty > Flashcards

Chapter 7-Greece:Home Of Beauty Flashcards

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1
Q

The monarch was advised by:

A

The Council of the Elders

Assembly-a mass meeting where all citizens gathered about the king and the elders to discuss political affairs

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2
Q

Definition of aristocracy:

A

Rule by the “best”

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3
Q

Definition of oligarchy:

A

Rule by the few

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4
Q

Definition of tyranny:

A

Rule by one man who has seized power by rebellion and insurrection.

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5
Q

Definition of democracy:

A

Rule by the many or the common people.

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6
Q

The city of Sparta’s chief accomplishment as the formation of:

A

Peloponnesian League-an alliance with Corinth,Megara,and other cities in the Peloponnesus.

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7
Q

Describe the Peloponnesian League.

A

The Peloponnesian League was an alliance with Corinth,Megara,and other cities in the Peloponnesus.

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8
Q

Which Athenian archon was directed to prepare a code of law at about 620 B.C.?

A

Draco

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9
Q

Which Athenian archon was elected in 594 B.C.,and repealed the harsh edicts of Draco?

A

Solon

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10
Q

Only archons in Athens were eligible for:

A

Court of Areopagus

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11
Q

Describe the Court of Areopagus.

A

This court repealed laws hurtful to state,looked after public morals,and rebuked any person who lived in a manner unworthy of an Athenian.

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12
Q

In 586 B.C.,who seized control of the city and became the first tyrant of Athens?

A

Peisistratus

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13
Q

The rugged and mountainous______ extends into the Mediterranean Sea from southeastern Europe.

A

Balkan Peninsula

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14
Q

The two prominent regions of ancient Greece:

A

Attica and the Peloponnesus

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15
Q

The earliest cultures of Europe developed along the shores and on the islands of the Aegean Sea and are known as the:

A

Aegean Civilization

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16
Q

Chief among the Aegean Civilization were:

A

Minoans-on the island of Crete
Mycenaeans-on the Greek mainland
Trojans-of the city of Troy

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17
Q

Definition of monarchy:

A

Rule by one

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18
Q

The Mycenaeans were named for the city of:

A

Mycenae

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19
Q

The Mycenaean culture was invaded between 1100 and 800 B.C. by a new wave of barbarian invaders called:

A

Dorians

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20
Q

Many of the Mycenaeans escaped from the Dorians to Asia Minor and Attica where they became known as:

A

Ionians

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21
Q

The Greeks of classical times who made such great contributions to Western civilization were the:

A

Hellenes

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22
Q

A single poet who has never had such an influence on the thinking of a people as_____on the Greeks. He also wrote Iliad,Odyssey,and invented the Olympian gods.

A

Homer

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23
Q

In 508 B.C.,who emerged as the new champion of the common people,was an aristocrat,and extended citizenship to more of the people and raised membership in the council to 500?

A

Cleisthenes

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24
Q

Athenian democracy was brought to its fullest measure by_______an aristocrat who dominated Athens from 461 to 429 B.C.

A

Pericles

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25
Q

In what kind of democracy do the citizens elect a few men who represent them in the government?

A

Representative democracy

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26
Q

What kind of democracy did Athens have where the citizens made the big decisions of government directly themselves,not indirectly through representatives?

A

Direct democracy

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27
Q

The age of Pericles is often referred to as:

A

The “Golden Age of Greece”

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28
Q

What is ostracism?

A

Ostracism is where a quorum of citizens could vote to banish for 10 years any person believed to be dangerous to the state.

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29
Q

Because it expected more trouble from the Persians,Athens in 478-477 B.C. Formed the_____________.

A

Delian League

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30
Q

War between Sparta and Athens began in______ and lasted until________,with a brief period of peace in between.

A

431 B.C.-404 B.C.

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31
Q

The war between the Greeks and the Athens from 431 B.C.-404 B.C is known as the:

A

Pelopnnesian War

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32
Q

What story recounts the adventures of a brave Greek warrior,__________,on his 10-year journey home after the defeat of Troy.

A

Odysseus

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33
Q

What civilization developed the first important European civilization after the flood?

A

Minoans

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34
Q

Sir Arthur Evans,a British archeologist, uncovered the legendary King______ at_______.

A

King Minos at Knossos

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35
Q

Who was the chief and father of the gods,invented by Homer,who was associated with thunder and lightning?

A

Zeus

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36
Q

Who were the helots?

A

Spartan slaves

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37
Q

Homer’s ________ differed from the gods only in being mortal and less powerful.

A

Heroes

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38
Q

In the Iliad,Homer made such heroes as _______,the invincible Greek warrior,come alive.

A

Achilles

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39
Q

Greek tribes and villages joined to form the:

A

Polis,or city

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40
Q

The typical polis of Greece surrounded a hilltop called the:

A

Acropolis

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41
Q

In the shadow of the acropolis stood the _________,a busy concourse of commerce,conversation,and debate.

A

Agora

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42
Q

Most Greek cities had a _______,a place of physical training and games of skill.

A

Gymnasium

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43
Q

Many Greek cities had an ________,an outdoor theatre.

A

Amphitheater

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44
Q

What did the Greeks call people who did not speak Greek and regarded them as inferior?

A

Barbarians

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45
Q

What were the games at which athletes from various city-states met to compete and was held every fourth year in honor of Zeus?

A

Olympic games

46
Q

When did the Olympic games begin?

A

776 B.C.

47
Q

What was the period between the Olympics called?

A

Olympiad

48
Q

On the northern fringes of ancient Greece loomed the kingdom of:

A

Macedonia

49
Q

In 539 B.C. who became king of Macedonia and was determined to become master of all Greece?

A

Philip II

50
Q

What famous Athenian orator and statesman urged his fellow Greeks to unite against the Macedonian threat?

A

Demosthenes

51
Q

When Philip conquered almost all Greece,he did not treat the Greeks as a conquered foe. What league did Philip organize of Greek city-states?

A

Hellenic League

52
Q

Who assumed the Macedonian thrones age 20 after his father died?

A

Alexander the Great

53
Q

In what year did King Alexander cross the Hellespont to begin his conquest of the mighty Persian Empire?

A

334 B.C.

54
Q

What were the names of 16 Greek cities that a king of Macedonia owned?

A

Alexandria

55
Q

Whose spreading of Greek culture became his most lasting contribution to world history and helped prepare the world for the coming of Jesus Christ?

A

Alexander the Great

56
Q

After the decisive battle of _____,Alexander’s empire was divided among four generals,who declared themselves kings.

A

Ipsus

57
Q

What three ruling dynasties came out of Alexander’s empire?

A

The Ptolemies-in Egypt
The Seleucids-in Syria
The Antigonids-in Macedonia and Greece

58
Q

Ancient Greece flourished from the______ to ______,when the Macedonians conquered Greece,often referred to as the Hellenic age.

A

700s B.C.- 338B.C.

59
Q

Ancient Greece flourished from the 700s B.C. to 338 B.C., this is often referred to as:

A

The Hellenic Age

60
Q

The Greek philosopher who said,”Man is the measure of all things.”

A

Protagoras

61
Q

What was a well-educated slave that was charged with a school boy’s manners and morals called?

A

Pedagogue

62
Q

Greatest among the Athenian temples is the________, dedicated to Athena, the goddess of Athena.

A

Parthenon

63
Q

Remembered as the Greek “Father of History”, who described the Persian invasions?

A

Herodotus

64
Q

The first great Greek poet who lived in the early portion of the Hellenic Age and wrote poetry was:

A

Homer

65
Q

A legendary Greek writer who was a freed slave living in the sixth century B.C., and also introduced the the fable was:

A

Aesop

66
Q

What is a brief story used to teach a moral and usually it’s characters are animals?

A

Fable

67
Q

Two of the greatest tragedy dramas of classical Greece were:

A

Oedipus Rex

Antigone

68
Q

The two greatest drama tragedies of classical Greece were written by:

A

Sophocles

69
Q

Who was the famous comic dramatist who used his plays to satirize political and cultural life in Athens?

A

Aristophanes

70
Q

The Greeks made important contributions to science,once called:

A

Natural philosophy

71
Q

Which Greek naturalist discovered important mathematical concepts still used in geometry?

A

Pythagoras

72
Q

Which Greek naturalist developed a theory that all matter is composed of individual atoms?

A

Democritus

73
Q

Who was the “Father of Medicine” who conducted experiments and concluded that disease results from rationally explainable causes?

A

Hippocrates

74
Q

Hippocrates was known for the_______,a high code of ethics still taken by many medical school graduates today.

A

Hippocratic Oath

75
Q

The Greeks were probably best known for their philosophers called:

A

Sophists

76
Q

All the Greeks’ philosophers were_________,those that believe that there are no absolute truths.

A

Relativists

77
Q

Who was dissatisfied with the sophists and began searching for absolutes?

A

Socrates

78
Q

What are ultimate foundational truths?

A

Absolutes

79
Q

Who was one of Socrates’s students,and wrote 30 or more works of philosophy?

A

Plato

80
Q

In Plato’s most famous work_________,he attempted to show how man could have order in society and in his soul.

A

The Republic

81
Q

Who attempted to find an explanation for the obvious order,design,and purpose in the universe?

A

Plato

82
Q

Who became student of Plato at 18 years,mastered every field of learning known to the Greeks, and concluded that the order of the universe must have come from God?

A

Aristotle

83
Q

Which three men ultimately erred and placed man at the center of all things?

A

Socrates
Plato
Aristotle

84
Q

The period of nearly 300 years from Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. To the Roman conquest of Egypt,the last remnant of Alexander’s empire,in 30 B.C is known as the:

A

Hellenistic Age

85
Q

Who founded the school of philosophy known as Stoicism?

A

Zeno

86
Q

Zeno founded the school of philosophy known as:

A

Stoicism

87
Q

Who taught that the highest good of man was to live a life of calm pleasure regulated by morality,temperance,serenity,and personal development?

A

Epicurus

88
Q

Who were the followers of Epicurus who came to emphasize indulgence of one’s bodily appetites and the physical pleasures of life?

A

Epicureans

89
Q

Which third century B.C. astronomer proposed that the earth revolves around the sun,a theory not to be espoused by other scientists until centuries later?

A

Aristarchus of Samos

90
Q

Who systematized the theorems of plane geometry?

A

Euclid

91
Q

Who was the greatest astronomical observer of antiquity who formulated the basic principles of trigonometry?

A

Hipparchus

92
Q

Who made important contributions to mathematics,engineering,and physics?

A

Archimedes

93
Q

Who calculated the circumference of the earth with outstanding accuracy?

A

Eratosthenes of Cyrene

94
Q

Who was the Greek geographer and historian who lived at the end of the Hellenistic Age,and left behind him a 17-volume “Geography” in which he described all parts of the known world at the beginning of the Christian Era?

A

Strabo

95
Q

From the eastern form of Greek alphabet developed the__________, used to write such modern Slavic languages as Russian,Bulgarian,and Serbian.

A

Cyrillic alphabet

96
Q

From the western form came what writing system from the western world?

A

Latin, or Roman, alphabet

97
Q

The standard Greek literary language underwent some modification and grammatical simplification and became the_______tongue of the eastern Mediterranean.

A

Koine

98
Q

What Persian king crushed the revolt of the Ionians in 499 B.C. and demanded that the mainland Greeks submit to him?

A

Darius I

99
Q

Determined not to become part of the Persian empire, what three cities refused king Darius’s demands?

A

Athens
Eretria
Sparta

100
Q

What war began when King Darius sent a fleet of 600 ships with 2500 men to Greece?

A

Greco-Persian wars

101
Q

When did the Greco-Persian wars begin?

A

490 B.C.

102
Q

After defeating Eretria, the Persians landed at:

A

Marathon

103
Q

Ten years after the battle of Marathon, which Persian king determined to conquer Greece?

A

Xerxes I,Darius’s son

104
Q

The Persian hordes met the Greeks in 480 B.C. at_________, a narrow mountain pass in central Greece near the Aegean Sea.

A

Thermopylae

105
Q

After hearing of a treachery,the Spartan leader_______ ordered most of his troops to withdraw.

A

Leonidas

106
Q

When the Persians arrived in Athens, they found that the citizens had been evacuated to the island of:

A

Salamis

107
Q

What brilliant Athenian tricked Xerxes into fighting a naval battle in the narrow strait between the mainland and the island of Salamis?

A

Themistocles

108
Q

What was the first major naval battle in history?

A

Battle of Salamis

109
Q

After the battle of Salamis, the Persian emperor retreated with most of his army;the rest remained in Greece until defeated at the battle of _______.

A

Plataea

110
Q

When was the battle of Plataea?

A

479 B.C.

111
Q

What was considered a turning point in world history?

A

Xerxes’ defeat in Greece

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