Chapter 7-Greece:Home Of Beauty Flashcards
The monarch was advised by:
The Council of the Elders
Assembly-a mass meeting where all citizens gathered about the king and the elders to discuss political affairs
Definition of aristocracy:
Rule by the “best”
Definition of oligarchy:
Rule by the few
Definition of tyranny:
Rule by one man who has seized power by rebellion and insurrection.
Definition of democracy:
Rule by the many or the common people.
The city of Sparta’s chief accomplishment as the formation of:
Peloponnesian League-an alliance with Corinth,Megara,and other cities in the Peloponnesus.
Describe the Peloponnesian League.
The Peloponnesian League was an alliance with Corinth,Megara,and other cities in the Peloponnesus.
Which Athenian archon was directed to prepare a code of law at about 620 B.C.?
Draco
Which Athenian archon was elected in 594 B.C.,and repealed the harsh edicts of Draco?
Solon
Only archons in Athens were eligible for:
Court of Areopagus
Describe the Court of Areopagus.
This court repealed laws hurtful to state,looked after public morals,and rebuked any person who lived in a manner unworthy of an Athenian.
In 586 B.C.,who seized control of the city and became the first tyrant of Athens?
Peisistratus
The rugged and mountainous______ extends into the Mediterranean Sea from southeastern Europe.
Balkan Peninsula
The two prominent regions of ancient Greece:
Attica and the Peloponnesus
The earliest cultures of Europe developed along the shores and on the islands of the Aegean Sea and are known as the:
Aegean Civilization
Chief among the Aegean Civilization were:
Minoans-on the island of Crete
Mycenaeans-on the Greek mainland
Trojans-of the city of Troy
Definition of monarchy:
Rule by one
The Mycenaeans were named for the city of:
Mycenae
The Mycenaean culture was invaded between 1100 and 800 B.C. by a new wave of barbarian invaders called:
Dorians
Many of the Mycenaeans escaped from the Dorians to Asia Minor and Attica where they became known as:
Ionians
The Greeks of classical times who made such great contributions to Western civilization were the:
Hellenes
A single poet who has never had such an influence on the thinking of a people as_____on the Greeks. He also wrote Iliad,Odyssey,and invented the Olympian gods.
Homer
In 508 B.C.,who emerged as the new champion of the common people,was an aristocrat,and extended citizenship to more of the people and raised membership in the council to 500?
Cleisthenes
Athenian democracy was brought to its fullest measure by_______an aristocrat who dominated Athens from 461 to 429 B.C.
Pericles
In what kind of democracy do the citizens elect a few men who represent them in the government?
Representative democracy
What kind of democracy did Athens have where the citizens made the big decisions of government directly themselves,not indirectly through representatives?
Direct democracy
The age of Pericles is often referred to as:
The “Golden Age of Greece”
What is ostracism?
Ostracism is where a quorum of citizens could vote to banish for 10 years any person believed to be dangerous to the state.
Because it expected more trouble from the Persians,Athens in 478-477 B.C. Formed the_____________.
Delian League
War between Sparta and Athens began in______ and lasted until________,with a brief period of peace in between.
431 B.C.-404 B.C.
The war between the Greeks and the Athens from 431 B.C.-404 B.C is known as the:
Pelopnnesian War
What story recounts the adventures of a brave Greek warrior,__________,on his 10-year journey home after the defeat of Troy.
Odysseus
What civilization developed the first important European civilization after the flood?
Minoans
Sir Arthur Evans,a British archeologist, uncovered the legendary King______ at_______.
King Minos at Knossos
Who was the chief and father of the gods,invented by Homer,who was associated with thunder and lightning?
Zeus
Who were the helots?
Spartan slaves
Homer’s ________ differed from the gods only in being mortal and less powerful.
Heroes
In the Iliad,Homer made such heroes as _______,the invincible Greek warrior,come alive.
Achilles
Greek tribes and villages joined to form the:
Polis,or city
The typical polis of Greece surrounded a hilltop called the:
Acropolis
In the shadow of the acropolis stood the _________,a busy concourse of commerce,conversation,and debate.
Agora
Most Greek cities had a _______,a place of physical training and games of skill.
Gymnasium
Many Greek cities had an ________,an outdoor theatre.
Amphitheater
What did the Greeks call people who did not speak Greek and regarded them as inferior?
Barbarians
What were the games at which athletes from various city-states met to compete and was held every fourth year in honor of Zeus?
Olympic games
When did the Olympic games begin?
776 B.C.
What was the period between the Olympics called?
Olympiad
On the northern fringes of ancient Greece loomed the kingdom of:
Macedonia
In 539 B.C. who became king of Macedonia and was determined to become master of all Greece?
Philip II
What famous Athenian orator and statesman urged his fellow Greeks to unite against the Macedonian threat?
Demosthenes
When Philip conquered almost all Greece,he did not treat the Greeks as a conquered foe. What league did Philip organize of Greek city-states?
Hellenic League
Who assumed the Macedonian thrones age 20 after his father died?
Alexander the Great
In what year did King Alexander cross the Hellespont to begin his conquest of the mighty Persian Empire?
334 B.C.
What were the names of 16 Greek cities that a king of Macedonia owned?
Alexandria
Whose spreading of Greek culture became his most lasting contribution to world history and helped prepare the world for the coming of Jesus Christ?
Alexander the Great
After the decisive battle of _____,Alexander’s empire was divided among four generals,who declared themselves kings.
Ipsus
What three ruling dynasties came out of Alexander’s empire?
The Ptolemies-in Egypt
The Seleucids-in Syria
The Antigonids-in Macedonia and Greece
Ancient Greece flourished from the______ to ______,when the Macedonians conquered Greece,often referred to as the Hellenic age.
700s B.C.- 338B.C.
Ancient Greece flourished from the 700s B.C. to 338 B.C., this is often referred to as:
The Hellenic Age
The Greek philosopher who said,”Man is the measure of all things.”
Protagoras
What was a well-educated slave that was charged with a school boy’s manners and morals called?
Pedagogue
Greatest among the Athenian temples is the________, dedicated to Athena, the goddess of Athena.
Parthenon
Remembered as the Greek “Father of History”, who described the Persian invasions?
Herodotus
The first great Greek poet who lived in the early portion of the Hellenic Age and wrote poetry was:
Homer
A legendary Greek writer who was a freed slave living in the sixth century B.C., and also introduced the the fable was:
Aesop
What is a brief story used to teach a moral and usually it’s characters are animals?
Fable
Two of the greatest tragedy dramas of classical Greece were:
Oedipus Rex
Antigone
The two greatest drama tragedies of classical Greece were written by:
Sophocles
Who was the famous comic dramatist who used his plays to satirize political and cultural life in Athens?
Aristophanes
The Greeks made important contributions to science,once called:
Natural philosophy
Which Greek naturalist discovered important mathematical concepts still used in geometry?
Pythagoras
Which Greek naturalist developed a theory that all matter is composed of individual atoms?
Democritus
Who was the “Father of Medicine” who conducted experiments and concluded that disease results from rationally explainable causes?
Hippocrates
Hippocrates was known for the_______,a high code of ethics still taken by many medical school graduates today.
Hippocratic Oath
The Greeks were probably best known for their philosophers called:
Sophists
All the Greeks’ philosophers were_________,those that believe that there are no absolute truths.
Relativists
Who was dissatisfied with the sophists and began searching for absolutes?
Socrates
What are ultimate foundational truths?
Absolutes
Who was one of Socrates’s students,and wrote 30 or more works of philosophy?
Plato
In Plato’s most famous work_________,he attempted to show how man could have order in society and in his soul.
The Republic
Who attempted to find an explanation for the obvious order,design,and purpose in the universe?
Plato
Who became student of Plato at 18 years,mastered every field of learning known to the Greeks, and concluded that the order of the universe must have come from God?
Aristotle
Which three men ultimately erred and placed man at the center of all things?
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
The period of nearly 300 years from Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. To the Roman conquest of Egypt,the last remnant of Alexander’s empire,in 30 B.C is known as the:
Hellenistic Age
Who founded the school of philosophy known as Stoicism?
Zeno
Zeno founded the school of philosophy known as:
Stoicism
Who taught that the highest good of man was to live a life of calm pleasure regulated by morality,temperance,serenity,and personal development?
Epicurus
Who were the followers of Epicurus who came to emphasize indulgence of one’s bodily appetites and the physical pleasures of life?
Epicureans
Which third century B.C. astronomer proposed that the earth revolves around the sun,a theory not to be espoused by other scientists until centuries later?
Aristarchus of Samos
Who systematized the theorems of plane geometry?
Euclid
Who was the greatest astronomical observer of antiquity who formulated the basic principles of trigonometry?
Hipparchus
Who made important contributions to mathematics,engineering,and physics?
Archimedes
Who calculated the circumference of the earth with outstanding accuracy?
Eratosthenes of Cyrene
Who was the Greek geographer and historian who lived at the end of the Hellenistic Age,and left behind him a 17-volume “Geography” in which he described all parts of the known world at the beginning of the Christian Era?
Strabo
From the eastern form of Greek alphabet developed the__________, used to write such modern Slavic languages as Russian,Bulgarian,and Serbian.
Cyrillic alphabet
From the western form came what writing system from the western world?
Latin, or Roman, alphabet
The standard Greek literary language underwent some modification and grammatical simplification and became the_______tongue of the eastern Mediterranean.
Koine
What Persian king crushed the revolt of the Ionians in 499 B.C. and demanded that the mainland Greeks submit to him?
Darius I
Determined not to become part of the Persian empire, what three cities refused king Darius’s demands?
Athens
Eretria
Sparta
What war began when King Darius sent a fleet of 600 ships with 2500 men to Greece?
Greco-Persian wars
When did the Greco-Persian wars begin?
490 B.C.
After defeating Eretria, the Persians landed at:
Marathon
Ten years after the battle of Marathon, which Persian king determined to conquer Greece?
Xerxes I,Darius’s son
The Persian hordes met the Greeks in 480 B.C. at_________, a narrow mountain pass in central Greece near the Aegean Sea.
Thermopylae
After hearing of a treachery,the Spartan leader_______ ordered most of his troops to withdraw.
Leonidas
When the Persians arrived in Athens, they found that the citizens had been evacuated to the island of:
Salamis
What brilliant Athenian tricked Xerxes into fighting a naval battle in the narrow strait between the mainland and the island of Salamis?
Themistocles
What was the first major naval battle in history?
Battle of Salamis
After the battle of Salamis, the Persian emperor retreated with most of his army;the rest remained in Greece until defeated at the battle of _______.
Plataea
When was the battle of Plataea?
479 B.C.
What was considered a turning point in world history?
Xerxes’ defeat in Greece
