Chapter 13-The Rise Of Modern Nations Flashcards
Among the earliest known inhabitants of the British Isles were the _______, the barbaric descendants of people from the European mainland.
Celts
What was th special group of Celtic men who acted as teachers, judges, and priests and conducted religious ceremonies which included human sacrifice?
Druids
What is the mysterious monument that still stands in southern England and may have been an ancient Celtic worship site and observatory?
Stonehenge
What were the three groups of Germanic tribes that began to arrive in Britain in the 5th century A.D. and left everything in ruins?
Angels
Saxons
Jutes
What legendary king is one of the Celtic heroes that is remembered in poetry and prose
King Arthur
The Angels gave their name to the southern part of Britain- “Angleland”, or:
England
Who were the poets who renowned the early Saxons and devised long poems about war heroes and chanted them to their tribal chiefs for entertainment?
scops
What is the greatest Saxon poem that still remains?
Beowulf
Who was the missionary appointed by Pope Gregory I in 596 and began the enormous task of converting the Anglo-Saxobs to Roman Catholicism?
Augustine
Augustine the missionary eventually became the first ____________, the most influential church office in England?
archbishop of Canterbury
In what year did all of England officially accept Romanism?
664
In the mid-800s, a group of Vikings called the _______ began to invade England.
Danes
By 870, the Danes controlled most of England outside of _________, the leading Saxon kingdom.
Wessex
In a treaty with the Vikings, King Alfred the Great confined the Danes to the northeastern portion of England, an area called the:
Danelaw
Who was the first great king of England and was named this for his accomplishments, and helped in many ways to make England a nation-state?
Alfred the Great
King Alfred the Great made Englishman aware of their common history through a running account of current events, the ____________, which continued to be written for hundreds of years.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
In 886, King Alfred the Great occupied ________, an important town located on the Thames River in southeastern Britain.
London
Under less competent leadership, England fell to new Viking leaders, and in 1016, __________, who ruled England, Denmark, and Norway as a great empire, became king.
Canute the Dane
What were the four countries that became most evident to that circumstances tended toward unity?
England
France
Spain
Portugal
Who was the Saxon king who returned to the throne in 1042 with the help of the English nobles?
Edward the Confessor
When Edward the Confessor died, William, duke of Normandy, stepped forward to claim the throne. Ignoring William’s claims, the English nobles made the most powerful among them, __________, king.
Harold Godwin
William, duke of Normandy, decided to settle the issue of who would be king in battle and sailed with an army of 10,000 or more men to England, where he met Harold’s forces at the __________ on October 14, 1066.
Battle of Hastings
In what year did the Battle of Hastings take place?
1066
When William, duke of Normandy, defeated Harold Godwin, he baca me known as:
William the Conqueror
William the Conqueror’s victory at the Battle of Hastings was known as the:
Norman Conquest
King William directed his assistants to take a ____________ (a count of the people and property) to inventory his “property”.
Census
The results of King William’s census were entered in the:
Domesday Book
King William abolished the _________, the old assembly of nobles, and replaced it with the Great Council.
Witan
King William abolished the Witan, and replaced it with the __________, a body composed only of chief vassals.
Great Council
The most important Norman king after William the Conqueror was his son, _________, whose reign was characterized by his wisdom and fairness.
Henry I
After coming to the throne, King Henry issued his ____________, promising to end heavy taxation of the nobles and the church and not to abuse his power as king.
“Charter of Liberties”
Along with the “Charter of Liberties,” King Henry also established the __________, a group of nobles and administrators who looked after the government’s finances and acted as judges over revenue matters.
Exchequer
In 1154, the Norman dynasty ended when _________, the grandson of Henry I, became king and initiated Plantagenet line of kings.
Henry II
Henry II initiated the __________ line of kings.
Plantagenet
It was during Henry II’s reign that the _________ (laws common to all English men) began to develop from case-by-case decision of judges based upon long-accepted customs.
Common law
Henry II established ___________, which was a group of people called to give a verdict, or true statement, in regard to a legal matter.
trial by jury
When Henry II died, he was succeeded by his son __________; an English king who loved crusades and combat, earning the name “Lion-Hearted” from his exploits.
Richard I
While Richard I would be out fighting in crusades, ___________, Richard’s mother, maintained the realm, aided by the stable government and justice system that her husband Henry II had established, and was the only person to be royalty in both France and England.
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Upon Richard’s death, his brother ________ became king. Already well-known for his treachery, selfishness, and cruelty, he succeeded in becoming the most hated king in English history.
John
King _________ of France used John’s bad behavior as an excuse to declare that the English king had broken the promises of a vassal, then took more than half of the English possessions in mainland Europe.
Philip Augustus
On June 15th, _______, a group of English and Danish noblemen and clergy met King John at the meadow of Runnymede, where they presented him with the Magna Carta.
1215
On June 15th, 1215, a group of English and Danish noblemen and clergy met King John at the meadow of ___________, near London, where they presented him with the Magna Carta.
Runnymede
On June 15th, 1215, a group of English and Danish noblemen and clergy met King John at the meadow of Runnymede, near London, where they presented him with one of the most important documents in the history of the world-the ________, where the ancient rights and privileges of the people were clearly defined.
Magna Carter
What was the right of an arrested person to appear before a court to determine if his imprisonment is legal?
habeas corpus
What is a written plan which sets up a form of government and establishes its basic governing principles?
Constitution
The Magna Carta would become an important part of English __________ (rules for exercise and restraint of governmental power).
Constitution
Who was King John’s son who became king in 1216, was a weak king that made many mistakes, increased taxes, and treated his foreign friends and relatives better than he did Englishmen?
Henry III
Who was the leader of the rebelling nobles who took control of the government and called what is remembered as the first meeting of Parliament in 1265?
Simon de Montfort
Simon de Montfort took control of the government and called what is remembered as the first meeting of Parliament in:
1265
Henry III’s son ___________ came to the throne in 1272, was nicknamed “Longshanks” for his long legs, and was the first pure Englishman to sit on the throne since the Norman Conquest.
Edward I
Beginning with Edward’s ____________ of 1295, representative government became a regular feature of the English government.
“Modern Parliament”
Members of Parliament stated their wishes in precise petitions called _______, which they presented to the king for his enactment before they would agree to new taxes.
bills
Edward I’s son, _________, became king and the nation suffered as a small group of selfish men manipulated this weak king.
Edward II
Parliament forced Edward II to abdicate and set up his young son _________ as king in 1327, and divided Parliament into two institutions.
Edward III
Under King Edward III, in Parliament, the great nobles and high church leaders began to sit apart as the:
House of Lords
Under King Edward III, in Parliament, the representatives came together as the ___________, which eventually represented the entire English nation.
House of Commons
For over a thousand years, the Celtic tribes of _________ maintained a constant struggle with successive invaders and conquerors of England.
Wales
When Edward I came to the English throne, ____________, refused to render homage to the new king; war then followed and he was killed. And in honor of this Welsh chieftain, his title was used ever since to the heir of the throne.
Llewellyn the Prince of Wales
Edward I also brought _________ into his kingdom in 1296, but the people loved their ancient liberties too well to submit quietly to the loss of their national independence.
Scotland
Under the inspiration and leadership of the famous _____________, an outlaw knight, all the Lowlands, especially the peasantry, were soon in determined revolt.
Sir William Wallace
Whose tragic death lifted him to the place he has held ever since as the national hero of Scotland?
Sir William Wallace
Sir William Wallace’s struggle with the Scottish was soon renewed by the equally renowned ____________, who represented the Scottish nobles, as Wallace had the common people.
Robert the Bruce
Robert the Bruce and Edward II fought the great _____________ in 1314; Edward’s army was nearly annihilated in the most appalling disaster that an English army had suffered since the Norman Conquest.
Battle of Bannockburn
Under Edward III, England clashed with France in what became known as the:
Hundred Years’ War
From what years did the Hundred Years’ War last?
1337-1453
