Chapter 15-Post-Reformation Europe Flashcards
What happened from 1524-1525 when peasants started making extreme demands and taking matters into their own hands, and when the peasants original goal had been to be treated like free men now rampaged like wild beasts and violence became so common “that hardly might a good man walk in the streets”?
Peasants’ Revolt
What did the Lutherans present to the emperor as their statement of their faith, written by Philipp Melanchthon and approved by Luther, and was the first Protestant confession of faith?
Augsburg Confession
In what year did both sides of the Peasant’s Revolt reach a compromise agreement known as the Peace of Augsburg?
1555
In 1555, both sides of the Peasant’s Revolt reached a compromise agreement known as the ____________________, which gave official approval to the territorial, state-established church principle in Germany.
Peace of Augsburg
The Protestant Reformation so shook the Roman church that the pope soon responded with the ______________, which attempted to produce certain limited changes (mostly in the morals of the clergy) within the Roman church. This was made by the pope to change the state-churches.
Counter-Reformation
The Counter-Reformation put new life into the _______________, which used torture and terror to obtain confessions of heresy from its Protestant victims.
Inquisition
What included Protestant writings, vernacular (non-Latin) versions of the Bible, and other works?
Index of Prohibited Books
After recuperating from battle wounds in 1521, a Spanish soldier, __________________, dedicated his life to obedient service to the Roman church and the pope and began Society of Jesus.
Ignatius Loyola
In 1540, the pope gave Loyola and some companions approval to begin a new religious organization called the:
Society of Jesus or Jesuits
Rome made to strongest stand against the Protestants at the ___________. Called by the pope in 1545, it reaffirmed the traditional Romanist doctrines one by one while specifically denying the biblical teachings of the Protestant Reformation, including the very heart of the gospel.
Council of Trent
Who was trying to make it clear that Christianity must not be thought of as a revolutionary political movement by strong language?
Luther
Who was the man whose father was the archduke of Austria and a member of the powerful Hapsburg royal family,inherited not only Spain, but also Austria, several Italian kingdoms, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, and in 1519 as the Holy Roman Emperor and became known as this, and also struggled with the German Lutherans?
Charles V
Who was the son of Charles V and few people in history have controlled as much of the earth’s surface as him during his reign, maintained powerful Spanish armies and fleets around the Continent, was also fanatically devoted to the pope and the Roman church?
Philip II
Who was the king of Portugal that introduced the Inquisition, persecuting the Jews in Portugal, driving the Jews out, the nation’s banking and commercial power leaving with them, then increased slavery to the point where the Portuguese family died out, leaving Philip II of Spain to seize the throne in 1580?
King John III
Who was Spain’s most outstanding writer whose masterpiece was “Don Quixote”?
Miguel de Cervantes
What was the story written by Miguel de Cervantes that depicts the exploits of a country squire who considered himself a knight at a time when knighthood was no longer in fashion?
Don Quixote
Who was Portugal’s greatest writer who wrote the long poem epic poem “Os Lusíadas”?
Luis de Camões
What was the long epic poem by Luiz de Camões that celebrates Portugal’s history and heroes?
“Os Lusíadas”
What were the damlike barriers of earth and stone that were built to hold back the water in the Netherlands?
Dikes
Because of its geography, the Netherlands are also called the:
Low Countries
The people in the Netherlands are called:
Dutch or Hollanders
What country is also called Holland and Belgium, and means “low lands” because much of this region lies below sea level?
The Netherlands
Who led Spanish troops to the Netherlands in 1567, sent by King Philip II?
Duke of Alva
The cruel Duke of Alva set up a ruling council in the Netherlands which came to be known as the _______________ because of the brutal way it treated the Dutch people.
Council of Blood
Who was the Prince of Orange who, in 1568, became the leader of the repressed Dutch patriots against Spain, and helped in forming the Dutch Reformed Church?
William the Silent
In 1571, Dutch Protestants broke from Spain’s ally, the Roman church, and firmed the:
Dutch Reformed Church
In 1579, the seven northern Netherland provinces joined to form the:
United Provinces of the Netherlands
In what year did the United Provinces in the Netherlands declare the Netherlands to be independent of Spain?
1581
What was the name that William the Silent had come to be known as?
“Father of Dutch Liberties”
What was the greatest event of the Tudor period?
English Reformation
Who became the first Tudor king of England after he won the Battle of Bosworth Field 1485?
Henry VII
Who was Henry VII’s son who became king of England in 1509 at the age 18 and had six different wives?
Henry VIII
Who was Henry VIII’s first wife who gave him one daughter named Mary, and was then divorced?
Catherine of Aragon
Who was Henry VIII’s second wife who gave him a second daughter-Elizabeth-and was then executed on charges of adultery by him?
Anne Boleyn
Who translated the Bible into English in the 1500s?
William Tyndale
In what year did the Parliament pass the Act of Supremacy, recognizing Henry VIII as “the supreme head” of the English church?
1534
In 1534, Parliament passed the _______________, recognizing Henry VIII as “the supreme head” of the English church.
Act of Supremacy
Who was Henry VIII’s third wife who died while giving birth to the son Henry desired, Edward?
Jane Seymour
Who was Henry VIII’s son who was only a child of nine when he came to the throne in 1547, and died an early death of 15?
Edward VI
