Chapter 7 - Food ( 1 ) Flashcards
Nutrition
The way in which organisms obtain and use food
Nutrients
Chemical substances present in food
Food supplies _____ for ______ and ______.
~materials and energy
~metabolism and continuity
Food is necessary for:
1) Source of energy
2) Source of chemicals needed for metabolic reactions
3) Raw materials for growth of new cells and repair of existing cells, tissues, organs etc.
Food is made up of:
~6 chemical elements
~5 salts
~3 trace elements
What are the six chemical elements food is made up out of
CHONPS ~carbon ~hydrogen ~oxygen ~nitrogen ~phosphorus ~sulphur
List the five salts food is made up of
Na, Mg, Cl, K, Ca ~sodium ~magnesium ~chlorine ~potassium ~calcium
List the three trace elements that food is made up of
Fe,Cu,Zn
~Iron
~Copper
~Zinc
Elements combine in different ratios to form different…
..food components
What are the six food components
1) Water
2) Lipids
3) Vitamins
4) Proteins
5) Carbohydrates
6) Minerals
Food components in order of percentage in the body…
Water, protein, lipids, carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals
Bio molecules
Chemicals that are made inside a living thing
Four biomolecules found in food….
Lettuce, Can’t, Protect, Vegans
Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins,vitamins,
Carbohydrates contain the elements…
1) Carbon
2) Hydrogen
3) Oxygen
The general formula for a carbohydrate
Cx(H2 O)y
Three types of Carbohydrates…
1) Monosaccharides
2) Disaccharides
3) Polysaccharides
The 5 Ss of Monosaccharides
- Simple sugar molecules
- Simple sugars
- Soluble in water
- Sweet
- Smallest carbohydrate unit
Examples of monosaccharides
~Glucose
~Fructose
Monosaccharides are found in…
Fruit
What are disaccharides?
~Two monosaccharide sugar units joined together-known as double sugar molecules
2 Ss of disaccharides
~soluble in water
~sweet to taste
Examples of disaccharides
~sucrose
~lactose
~maltose
Disaccharides are found in
~table sugar
~milk
Polysaccharides are….
Moany monosaccharide sugar molecules joined together
Characteristics of polysaccharides..
~not soluble in water
~do not taste sweet
Polysaccharides examples
~starch
~cellulose
Polysaccharides are found in…
~pasta
~bread
~cereals
Lipids are
A diverse group of substances which include •fats •oils •steroids •waxes
Examples of lipids as steroids
- cholesterol
* some sex hormones
Examples of lipids in the form of waxes
~cover insect’s bodies
~cover leaves
Lipids are made up of…
~carbon
~hydrogen
~oxygen
Lipids are made up of two main types of molecules
1) Fatty Acids
2) Glycerol
Types main types of lipids
~Tryglicerides
~Phospholipids
