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Biology > Chapter 36.1- Muscloskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 36.1- Muscloskeletal System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Antagonistic muscle pairs

A

pairs of muscles that work opposite to each other

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2
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Loss of protein (collagen) material from bone. Causes bone to become brittle and easily broken

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3
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Lubricates joint and is a shock absorber

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4
Q

Ligament

A

Bone to Bone

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5
Q

Tendon

A

Muscle to bone

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6
Q

Cartilage

A

Composed of protein fibres + is flexible. Limits friction and is a shock absorber

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7
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Central section of skeleton ie. skull, backbone, ribs, sternum

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8
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Limbs ie. Pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, limbs

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9
Q

Outgrowth

A

Attachment point on vertebrae for ligaments and tendons for movement of the spine

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10
Q

Neural Canal

A

Gap in vertebrae allow spinal cord through + protect it

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11
Q

Centrom

A

Thick solid part of a vertebra that holds the weight

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12
Q

Scapulas

A

Shoulder blade

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13
Q

Clavicle

A

Collarbone

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14
Q

Pectoral Girdle

A

Scapula and clavicle attached to back by muscles, for movement of the arm

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15
Q

Phalages

A

Toe and finger bones

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16
Q

Carpals

A

8 fused bones make up wrist

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17
Q

Free moving (synovial) joints

A

Joints that can move freely eg. knee

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18
Q

Metacarpals

A

bones that connect fingers to carpal, palm

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19
Q

Sacrum

A

5 fused bones at base of spine (between coccyx and lumbar)

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20
Q

Coccyx

A

Tailbone, 4 fused bones

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21
Q

Lumbar

A

lower back, 5 vertebrae

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22
Q

Thoraic

A

Upper back, 12 vertebrae

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23
Q

Cervical

A

Neck region of spine, 7 vertebrae

24
Q

Radius

A

Larger of forearm bones

25
Q

Ulna

A

Smaller of forearm bones

26
Q

Humerus

A

Upper arm bone

27
Q

Vertebrae

A

Bones that make up spine

28
Q

Sternum

A

Breastbone

29
Q

Femur

A

Thighbone

30
Q

Tibia

A

Major shin bone

31
Q

Fibula

A

Minor shin bone

32
Q

Functions of skeleton

A
  • movement
  • support
  • protection
  • blood cell movement
  • storage of minerals
33
Q

skull

A

20 fused bones

34
Q

True ribs

A

7 pairs attached to sternum

35
Q

False ribs

A

3 pairs attached by cartilage

36
Q

Floating ribs

A

2 pairs not attached at all

37
Q

Digits

A

Fingers or toes, made out of phalanges

38
Q

Pelvis

A

Two halves of hip bones fused to the base of the spine (sacrum)

39
Q

Patella

A

Kneecap

40
Q

Tarsals

A

Ankle, 7 bones

41
Q

Metatarsals

A

5 bones make up sole

42
Q

Three types of joints

A

Immovable
Partially moveable
Free moving

43
Q

Immovable joints

A

bones fused together by collagen

44
Q

Partially movable joints

A

Bones glide over each other eg. spine/ wrist

45
Q

Free moving (synovial) joints

A

Ball and socket, Hinge

46
Q

Cartilage

A

Made of protein fibres. Flexible and shock absorber

47
Q

Arthritis

A

inflammation of the joint (100+ types)

48
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Most common, cartilage in synovial joints wears down

49
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Autoimmune disease, body attacks synovial membranes, common in females

50
Q

Prevention of arthritis

A

Reducing damage to joints eg. proper footwear, swimming>running

51
Q

Treatment

A
  • rest
  • exercise
  • weight loss
  • anti-inflammatory medication
  • possibly surgery
52
Q

Flexor

A

muscle that closes a joint

53
Q

Extensor

A

muscle that opens the joint

54
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

voluntary muscle, movement

55
Q

Smooth muscle

A

internal structures, involuntary

56
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

does not tire, in heart

Biology (12 decks)

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