Chapter 36.2- Bone Anatomy

Question 1

Cartilage

Answer 1

Flexible, fibrous protein (collagen), no blood vessels, heals slowly

Question 2

Periosteum

Answer 2

membrane of bone, contains blood vessels and nerves

Question 3

Diaphysis

Answer 3

Bone shaft

Question 4

Epiphysis

Answer 4

Head of bone

Question 5

Compact bone

Answer 5

70% inorganic salts (calcium phosphate), 30% collagen

mostly in diaphysis, thin layer at epiphysis

Question 6

Spongy bone

Answer 6

compact bone, numerous hollows, holds red bone marrow, mostly in epiphysis

Question 7

Red bone marrow

Answer 7

Produces red blood cells

Question 8

Spongy bone function

Answer 8

makes blood cells, gives strength and rigidity

Question 9

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 9

Fat rich, inactive, more common in adults, can be converted to red if needed

Question 10

Growth plate

Answer 10

Cartilage, area between epiphysis and diaphysis where bone growth occurs

Question 11

Osteoblast

Answer 11

bone forming cell

Question 12

How bone is formed

Answer 12

Osteoblast produces collagen, hard compound (mainly calcium phosphate) forms around collagen, renders osteoblast a dormant bone cell called an osteoclast (ossified)

Question 13

Ossify

Answer 13

to turn cartilage into bone

Question 14

Osteoclast

Answer 14

Digest bone in medullary cavity, deposit calcium into blood cells

Question 15

Osteocyte

Answer 15

Osteoblast surrounded in matrix

Question 16

Factors Affecting Bone Growth

Answer 16

• diet
• physical activity, stimulates osteoblasts
• lack of exercise