Chapter 7- Digestion

Question 1

Digestion

Answer 1

System where food is acted apron by physical and chemical means to provide body with nutrients and excretes waste. Includes the alimentary canal; mouth to anus and the hormones and enzymes assisting in digestion

Question 2

Alimentary canal

Answer 2

Aka gastrointestinal tract extending from the mouth to anus and the hormones and enzymes assisting in digestion

Question 3

Mouth

Answer 3

Where digestion begins. Food is chewed. Saliva is secreted in large amounts by salivary glands in the oral cavity, and it mixed with chewed food by the tongue.

Question 4

3 pairs of exocrine salivary glands in the oral cavity

Answer 4

1. Parotid - largest, on each side of face below and in front of the ear
2. submandibular
3. Sublingual

Question 5

Mastication

Answer 5

Chewing

Question 6

Bolus

Answer 6

Soft, roundish mass or lump esp of chewed food

Question 7

Deglutition

Answer 7

Swallowin

Question 8

Mandible

Answer 8

Lower jaw

Question 9

Maxillae

Answer 9

Upper jaw bones

Question 10

Lingual

Answer 10

Pertaining to the tongue

Question 11

Sub

Answer 11

Beneath

Question 12

Saliva

Answer 12

Watery fluid, secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands. Functions in the tasting, chewing, swallowing of food, moistens the mouth, starts digestion of starches (carbohydrates occurring in plants ie rice corn wheat beans potatoes)

Question 13

Masseter

Answer 13

Muscle responsible for mastication. Vertical muscle fibres

Question 14

Knots

Answer 14

Hypersensitive nodules in a taut band

Question 15

Esophagus

Answer 15

A muscular tube for the passage of food from the pharynx (throat) to the stomach

Question 16

throat

Answer 16

Pharynx

Question 17

Paristalis

Answer 17

The progressive waves of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation that move matter along certain tube like structures of the body, as ingested food along the alimentary canal. Closely related to the parasympathetic NS ie rumbling in the stomach during massage is a good thing

Question 18

Sphincter

Answer 18

A circular band of voluntary or involuntary muscles that encircles and closes an orfice of the body or one of its hallow organs. Sphincter control the movement of substances through the GI tract.

Question 19

Stomach

Answer 19

J-shaped pouch walls made of thick elastic muscles which stores and helps break down food. Food which has been reduces to very small particles is more likely to be fully digested in the small intestine and stomach churning has the effect of assisting the physical disassembly begun in the mouth

Question 20

Peptic ulcers

Answer 20

Are open sores that develop on the inside lining of your stomach, upper small intestine (duodenum) or esophagus. Most coming symptom is abdominal pain

Question 21

Duodenum

Answer 21

Upper small intestine

Question 22

Heartburn

Answer 22

Substernal pain or burning sensation, usually associated with regurgitation of gastric juice into the esophagus

Question 23

Inguinal hernia

Answer 23

Abdominal contents herniate though a weak point in the abdominal wall

Question 24

Small intestine

Answer 24

After being processed in the stomach, food is passed into the small intestine. The majority of digestion and absorption occurs here

Question 25

chyme

Answer 25

The semifluid mass into which food is converted by gastric secretion and which passes from the stomach into the small intestine.

Question 26

Villi

Answer 26

Any finger like projections on the mucous membrane of the small intestine, functioning to increase the area for the absorption, secretion or exchange of materials

Question 27

Bile

Answer 27

Secreted by the liver, aids in absorption & digestion, especially of fats

Question 28

Gall bladder

Answer 28

A membranous sac attached by ducts to the liver, in which bile is stored and concentrated

Question 29

Large intestine

Answer 29

Aka Colon. Absorbs water from and eliminates the residues of digestion

Question 30

Colonoscopy

Answer 30

Is the endoscopic examination of the large bowel with a camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus.

Question 31

Sigmoidoscopy

Answer 31

Allows an examination of the lower portion of the colon

Question 32

Diverticula

Answer 32

Small bulging pouches that are found most often in the sigmoid area of the colon. They are common usually after age 40, and seldom cause problems. Sometimes they become inflamed and infected, called diverticulitis

Question 33

Diverticulitis

Answer 33

Inflamed and infected diverticula.Can cause severe abdominal pain, fever, and a marked change in bowel habits

Question 34

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 34

the immune system mistakenly attacks and kills the insulin producing cells of the pancreas. Therefore glucose builds up in the blood instead of being used as energy. Always treated with insulin

Question 35

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 35

Body can’t properly use the insulin produced - insulin sensitivity. Most common. Can be managed by physical activity and diet or medication

Question 36

Glucose

Answer 36

Food broken down into sugar

Question 37

pancreas

Answer 37

Produces insulin

Question 38

Retinopathy

Answer 38

Eye disease that can lead to blindness. Complication of diabetes

Question 39

Diabetes related complications

Answer 39

Chronic kidney disease, foot problems, non-traumatic lower limb amputation, eye disease, heart attack, stroke and nerve damage

Question 40

Hypoglycemia

Answer 40

Low blood sugar. If someone forgets to eat after taking insulin - too much insulin in blood. Insulin shock

Question 41

Hyperglycemia

Answer 41

High blood sugar

Question 42

diabetic coma

Answer 42

A life-threatening diabetes complication that causes unconsciousness

Question 43

Cecum

Answer 43

Beginning on large intestine

Question 44

Diaphragm

Answer 44

Breathing muscle between chest and abdomen

Question 45

Hiatal hernia

Answer 45

The portion of the stomach which has moved into the chest cavity.

Question 46

Inguinal hernia

Answer 46

Abdominal contents herniate through a weak point in the abdominal wall

Question 47

GERD

Answer 47

Gastroesophageal reflux disease. Stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus. Hiatal hernia may cause this.