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Anatomy and Physiolgy > Chapter 3: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Skin

A

AKA cutaneous layer AKA Integumentary
Helps regulate temperature, defence functions, produces vitamin D
Consists of epidermis and dermis

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2
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer, non-vascular, non-sensitive layer of the skin. Part of epithelial tissue and responsible for primarily protection but also temp regulation (sweating). Dif# layers of dif body parts (feet have 5)

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3
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Outer layer of epidermis. Consisting of several layers of flat keratinized cells among the stratified squamous epithelial cells. Continually shed and replaced by cells from deeper layers

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4
Q

Keratin

A

Tough insoluble protein that is the main constituent of hair nails horn hoofs etc and of the outer most layer of the skin

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5
Q

Stratum basale

A

Aka stratum germinativum. Deepest layer of epidermis, composed of dividing stem cells and anchoring cells.

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6
Q

Stem cells

A

A cell that upon division replaces its own numbers and gives rise to cells that differentiate further into one or more specialized types. The primary role of adult stem cells is to maintain and repair the tissue in which they are found.

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7
Q

Melanocytes

A

A cell that produces melanin

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8
Q

Melanin

A

An insoluable dark pigment found in all forms of animal life; accounts for the dark colour of skin, hair, fur, scales and feathers.

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9
Q

Mole

A

Nevus. A growth on the skin that develops when melanocytes grow in clusters.

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10
Q

Dermis

A

Connective tissue layer below the epidermis; contains blood, lymphatic vessels and nerves, sensory receptors, oil and sweat glands

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11
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

(Oil glands) cutaneous glands that secrete sebum

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12
Q

sebum

A

Lubricates hair and skin, prevents excessive water evaporation and inhibits the growth of certain bacteria.

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13
Q

Blackheads

A

Caused by excess oil that accumulated in the sebaceous gland’s duct. They consist of Keratin and modified sedum which darkens as it oxidizes

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14
Q

Acne

A

Common skin disease; affects mostly skin with densest population of sebaceous follicles. areas of skin with seborrhea, blackheads and pimples and possibly scaring

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15
Q

Seborrhea

A

Scaly red skin - acne

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16
Q

Boil

A

Aka furuncle; infection of the hair follicle, caused by bacteria by an accumulation of pus and dead tissue

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17
Q

Carbuncles

A

Individual boils clustered together

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18
Q

Goosebumps

A

Contraction of the arrest or pili mm (muscle)

Pili means hair in Italian

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19
Q

Neoplasm

A

(New)(flesh) a new uncontrolled growth of abnormal issue; tumour (does not mean cancer)

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20
Q

Oncology

A

The branch of medical science that deals with treatment of cancer

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21
Q

Malignant

A

Harmful or dangerous

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22
Q

Metastasis

A

Meta:beyond stasis:state; the spread of a disease process from one part of the body to another

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23
Q

Oma

A

Suffix for names of tumors. Melanoma

24
Q

Skin cancer

A

Most common form

  1. Basal cell carcinoma
  2. melanoma
25
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Most common, least dangerous; arises from basal cells of the ephithelium

26
Q

Melanoma

A

Any of several types of skin tumors characterized by the malignant growth of melanocytes. Super dangerous and spreads quickly

27
Q

ABCD rule

A

Asymetrical Border Color Diameter

The nevus is; Asymetrical, has an irregular Border, changes Color, has an increased Diameter

28
Q

Cerebrum

A

Cerebral hemispheres (Right and left brains). Either of the rounded halves of the cerebrum. Each has 4 lobes

29
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Conscious movement of skeletal muscles, thinking

30
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Pain, touch analysis

31
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Auditory analysis, smell analysis

32
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Visual analysis

33
Q

Stroke

A

A sudden neurological affliction usually related to the impaired cerebral blood supply

34
Q

The limbic system

A

A group of structures in the brain that are associated with emotion memory and mood

35
Q

Vertebral column

A

A series of vertebrae held together to give support for the spinal cord and nerves arising from it. 24 articulating vertebrae and 9 fused in the sacrum &coccyx.

36
Q

Each typical vertebrae consist of

A
  1. body (most anterior segment)
  2. Pedicles (2)
  3. Laminae (2)
  4. Spinous process (SP) formed by the junction of the laminae
  5. Transverse process (TVP) laterally projecting processes
37
Q

Spina bifida

A

The non-fusion of the lamina, it is a defect in the spinal column through which spinal cord tissue may protrude

38
Q

Spinal nerves

A

PNS. Carry information to and from the spinal cord

go TO spine (not in spine). Bundle of axons

39
Q

Mixed nerves

A

Carry both incoming and outgoing signals (to and from the CNS)

40
Q

Types of vertebrae

A
  1. Cervical (7)
  2. Thoracic (12)
  3. Lumbar (5)
41
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A

Each has 3 holes.

C1 - atlas. Hold up head
C2 - axis. Has a dens. Allows for sideways motion

42
Q

Sacrum

A

Large triangular bone at the base of the spinal column, where it is inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones. Bottom part connects to the coccyx (tail bone). 5 vertebrae that fuse by the time you are16 - 34.

43
Q

CNS

A

Central nervous system - brain and spinal cord. No nerves

44
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral nervous system. Links the body to the CNS. Spinal nerves and cranial nerves

45
Q

Cranial nerves

A

12 pairs of nerves that connect to the brain

46
Q

PNS is made up of two divisions

A
  1. Incoming - Sensory aka afferent neurons -conduct impulses from the periphery to CNS
  2. Outgoing - Motor aka efferent neutrons - conduct impulses from CNS to periphery
47
Q

The motor division of the PNS has 3 divisions

A
  1. Somatic nervous system (skeletal muscles)
  2. Autonomic nervous system (blood vessels, heart, smooth muscles, viscera, glands)
  3. Enteric nervous system (controls digestion and can function independently of ANS and CNS)
48
Q

The ANS has 2 divisions

A
  1. Sympathetic nervous system - increases HR, fight or flight
  2. Parasympathetic nervous system - decreases HR, resting and digesting
49
Q

Scar tissue

A

Sclerosis

50
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Disease of the CNS. Inflammation of nervous tissue causes demyelination, leaving multiple areas of scar tissue (sclerosis) along the covering of the nerve cells

51
Q

Etiologies

A

Causes

52
Q

Paresthesia

A

Tingling. Symptom of MS

53
Q

Ataxia

A

Loss of coordination of muscles

54
Q

Vertigo

A

Extreme dizziness

55
Q

Emotional liability

A

Mood swings. Liability (likely to change)

56
Q

dysarthria

A

Difficulty in speech articulation due to poor muscular control

57
Q

Paresis

A

Partial motor paralysis

Anatomy and Physiolgy (10 decks)

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