Chapter 1 Cells, Tissues,Organs, Systems Flashcards
Zygote
One fertilized egg from which all cells develop
Embryo
Early stages of growth
Conception to 8th week
Germ layers form during embryogenesis that give rise to all tissues and organs
Germ layers
Germ layers form during embryogenesis that give rise to all tissues and organs
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm
Fetus
8 weeks to birth
No clear defining feature that distinguishes an embryo from fetus
Cyto
Cell
Cell
Basic structural and functional units of the body
Tissues
A group of similar cells
Organs
More complex structures that consist of several tissue types
Systems
Organs that share a common purpose
Each body system contributes to the homeostasis of other systems and of the whole organism
Homeostasis
Homo
Stasis
The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes
Homo=same
Stasis= state
When u lose stability = pathology
Endocrine System
System of glands,each of which secretes different types of hormones into the blood stream to maintain homeostasis
Slow acting
Endo
Inside
Hormones
Substances released from endocrine glands into bloodstream where they travel to a target tissue and generate a response
Lock and key
Chemical with certain shape that fits I to receptor to generate a response
Tissue types
Epithelium
Muscle
Nervous
Connective
Epithelium
Provides a covering for the most external surfaces of the body
Avascular (without blood vessels)
Avascular
Without blood vessels
Stratified squamous epithelium
Strata= layers
Squamous=flat
Forms the outer later of epidermis
Uppermost later of skin
Physical barrier preventing entry of substances and organisms into the body
Preventing water loss
Thickness varies depending on body site
Muscle tissue
Has the ability to contract (shorten) to create movement
Muscle cell=muscle fibre
Creates heat
Have all the energy needed to contract but can’t do anything without signals
Nervous tissue
Made up of neurons aka nerve cells and glia aka glial cells
Neurons
These cells produce electrical signals called action potentials
Glia
Provides structural and functional support for neurons
As important as neurons
Connective tissue
Contains relatively large amount of non living intercellular substances called matrix
Provides framework for all other cells and helps bind together various tissues and organs
Contains numerous cells especially fibroblasts
Fibroblasts
Produce collagen
Collagen
An important part of CT, Produced by fibroblasts, Fibrous insolvable protein, Helps hold organs and tissues in place
Matrix
Contains relatively large amount of non living intercellular substances
Ground substance- stop from being squished
Collagen fibres -strength
Elastic fibers
Reticular fibres- stop from being pulled apart
Specialized connective tissue
Bone
Blood
Cartilage
Cartilage
Connective tissue made up of cells called chondrocytes and matrix
Avascular
Provides structural strength and flexibility
Types differ depending on the number of associated fibres
Bone
Hardest of connective tissues, Provides Structural framework of body, Reservoir of Ca and P
Composed of cells and extra cellular components that are calcified and rigid
Blood
Helps maintain normal body temp
Distributes heat within body and helps rid body of extra heat, Transports materials, Liquid matrix called plasma
Plasma
Mostly water ,Contains cells
