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Anatomy and Physiolgy > Chapter 1 Cells, Tissues,Organs, Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Cells, Tissues,Organs, Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Zygote

A

One fertilized egg from which all cells develop

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2
Q

Embryo

A

Early stages of growth

Conception to 8th week

Germ layers form during embryogenesis that give rise to all tissues and organs

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3
Q

Germ layers

A

Germ layers form during embryogenesis that give rise to all tissues and organs

Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm

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4
Q

Fetus

A

8 weeks to birth

No clear defining feature that distinguishes an embryo from fetus

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5
Q

Cyto

A

Cell

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6
Q

Cell

A

Basic structural and functional units of the body

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7
Q

Tissues

A

A group of similar cells

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8
Q

Organs

A

More complex structures that consist of several tissue types

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9
Q

Systems

A

Organs that share a common purpose

Each body system contributes to the homeostasis of other systems and of the whole organism

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10
Q

Homeostasis

Homo

Stasis

A

The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes

Homo=same
Stasis= state

When u lose stability = pathology

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11
Q

Endocrine System

A

System of glands,each of which secretes different types of hormones into the blood stream to maintain homeostasis

Slow acting

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12
Q

Endo

A

Inside

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13
Q

Hormones

A

Substances released from endocrine glands into bloodstream where they travel to a target tissue and generate a response

Lock and key

Chemical with certain shape that fits I to receptor to generate a response

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14
Q

Tissue types

A

Epithelium
Muscle
Nervous
Connective

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15
Q

Epithelium

A

Provides a covering for the most external surfaces of the body

Avascular (without blood vessels)

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16
Q

Avascular

A

Without blood vessels

17
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

Strata= layers
Squamous=flat

Forms the outer later of epidermis

Uppermost later of skin

Physical barrier preventing entry of substances and organisms into the body

Preventing water loss

Thickness varies depending on body site

18
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Has the ability to contract (shorten) to create movement

Muscle cell=muscle fibre

Creates heat

Have all the energy needed to contract but can’t do anything without signals

19
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Made up of neurons aka nerve cells and glia aka glial cells

20
Q

Neurons

A

These cells produce electrical signals called action potentials

21
Q

Glia

A

Provides structural and functional support for neurons

As important as neurons

22
Q

Connective tissue

A

Contains relatively large amount of non living intercellular substances called matrix

Provides framework for all other cells and helps bind together various tissues and organs

Contains numerous cells especially fibroblasts

23
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Produce collagen

24
Q

Collagen

A

An important part of CT, Produced by fibroblasts, Fibrous insolvable protein, Helps hold organs and tissues in place

25
Q

Matrix

A

Contains relatively large amount of non living intercellular substances
Ground substance- stop from being squished
Collagen fibres -strength
Elastic fibers
Reticular fibres- stop from being pulled apart

26
Q

Specialized connective tissue

A

Bone
Blood
Cartilage

27
Q

Cartilage

A

Connective tissue made up of cells called chondrocytes and matrix

Avascular

Provides structural strength and flexibility

Types differ depending on the number of associated fibres

28
Q

Bone

A

Hardest of connective tissues, Provides Structural framework of body, Reservoir of Ca and P

Composed of cells and extra cellular components that are calcified and rigid

29
Q

Blood

A

Helps maintain normal body temp

Distributes heat within body and helps rid body of extra heat, Transports materials, Liquid matrix called plasma

30
Q

Plasma

A

Mostly water ,Contains cells

Anatomy and Physiolgy (10 decks)

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