Chapter 5 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Blood and lymphatic vessel layers
Tunica Intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia
Tunica intima
Innermost layer of blood vessels or lymphatic vessel; consists of endothelium
Tunica media
Middle layer; smooth muscle
Tunica adventitia
Outermost fibrous layer; consists of connective tissue
Precapillary sphincter
A band of smooth muscle that adjusts blood flow into capillaries
Sphincter
A cylindrical Muscle that normally maintains constriction of a normal body passage or office and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning
Arteries
Carry blood away from heart to tissues
Veins
Carry blood toward heart
Blood flow
Heart - arteries- arterioles (smaller arteries) - capillaries- venules (small veins) veins- heart - arteries etc
Components of blood
- Blood plasma (liquid matirx)
2. Formed elements (cells and fragments)
Formed elements
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets - cell fragments involved in blood clotting
Red blood cells
RBCs, erythrocytes, red corpuscle
Produced by red bone marrow, live for 3 months
Contain hemoglobin, a protein in blood cells that transports oxygen
White blood cells
WBCs, leukocytes, white corpuscles
Immune funcitions - recognize and destroy invaders
platelets
Cell fragments involved in blood clotting
Hemostasis
The process of stoppage of bleeding1. Vascular spasm - tunica media (smooth muscles contracts immediately)2. Platelet plug - platelets stick to damaged vessel walls:platelet plug- release serotonin to maintain contraction of smooth muscle. 3. Clot formation - fibrin and platelets from temporary clot and allows permanent clot repair to occur
Hepatocytes
Forms plasma proteins; remain in the blood and have various functions ie FIBRIN; with platelets forms a temporary clot and allows permanent repair to take place
Serum
The component that contains neither blood cells nor clotting factors but includes all proteins and other substances not used in blood clotting
Blood disorders
Hemophilia, thrombus, embolus, aneurysm, anemia cyanosis
Hemophilia
Inherited disorder of blood coagulation (clotting) characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage (bleed), spontaneous or traumatic, due to a defect in the blood coagulating mechanism
Coagulation
Clotting
hemorrhage
Bleed
Thrombus
A fibrin clot that forms in and can obstruct a blood vessel or that forms in one of the chambers of the heart
Embolus
A dislodged thrombus, clump of tissue, glass bubble, fat globule etc that has lodged in a blood vessel and is obstructing it
Aneurysm
A sac like enlargement of a blood vessel caused by a weakening of its wall. When it pops it bleeds.
Anemia
Any condition in which the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is reduced, thereby reducing the oxygen carry capacity of the blood. Manifested by pallor(paleness) of skin and membranes, shortness of breath and lathargy
pallor
Paleness
Cyanosis
A bluish hue to the skin, gums, fingernails or mucous membranes caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood. When blood is oxygenation (bright red) when lacks oxygen supply (dark purple or bluish red). In dark skinned people easier to see in mucus membranes (lips, gums, around eyes) and nails.
Lymphatic system
Consists of lymphatic vessels, nodes, and associated tissue
- Transports lipids (fats) &lipid soluble vitamins(A,D,E,K)absorbed by the GI tract to the blood
- Resistance to disease (immune system)
- Empties excess interstitial fluid (fluid surrounding cells) into the veins of the superior thorax(chest)
Lipids
Fats
Interstitial fluid
Fluid surrounding cells. Become lymph when it enters a lymph capillary (microscopic vessel). The lymph then travels to at least one lymph node where white blood cells protect the body from invaders
Thorax
Chest
Edema
An accumulation of an excessive amount of interstitial fluid, can result from blockage of lymphatic vessels.
Superficial lymph nodes are found in the;
- Cervical region (neck)
- Axillary region (armpit)
- Inguinal region (groin)
