Chapter 7 - diet and health problems

Question 1

Malnutrition

Answer 1

A condition caused by an excessive or insufficient intake of nutrients

Question 2

define Obesity

Answer 2

A condition characterised by excessive storage of body fat

Increases the risk of other health problems such as diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease

Question 3

Risk factors of obesity (4)

Answer 3

Excessive intake of calories
Overconsumption of high calorie food
Family history
Sedentary lifestyle

Question 4

Prevention of obesity (4)

Answer 4

Eat small, frequent meals
Increase intake of dietary fibre
Reduce sugar and fat intake
Exercise regularly

Question 5

define Hypertension

Answer 5

A condition where blood is pumped around the body at a high pressure

Can cause stroke, heart and kidney diseases

Question 6

Risk factors of hypertension (3)

Answer 6

-Family history, stress and obesity
-Diet high in salt causes the body to retain more fluid and increase the volume of blood
-Diet high in saturated fats and trans fats can result in hardening and narrowing blood vessels

Question 7

prevention of hypertension (2)

Answer 7

-Reduce intake of salt and saturated fats
-Exercise regularly

Question 8

define type 2 diabetes

Answer 8

A medical condition where a blood glucose level is abnormally high over a prolonged period of time. They are said to be insulin resistant’

Question 9

risk factor of type 2 diabetes (2)

Answer 9

-Family history & physical inactivity
-Those with obesity

Question 10

prevention of type 2 diabetes (3)

Answer 10

-Increase the intake of wholegrains as it helps in regulating the release of glucose into bloodstream
-Reduce intake of sugar and saturated fats
-Regular exercise

Question 11

define coronary heart diseases

Answer 11

A condition causes an area of heart tissue to lose it’s blood supply, causing a heart attack

Question 12

risk factors of coronary heart diseases (3)

Answer 12

-Family history, physical inactivity
-Hypertension and obesity
-Diets high in cholesterol, saturated fats and trans fats increase the level of bad blood cholesterol known as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which build up plaque that block artery walls and reduce blood supply

Question 13

prevention of coronary heart diseases (4)

Answer 13

-Include fruits and vegetables as they are lower in fat
-Use monounsaturated fats instead of saturated fats and trans fats as they increase the level of good blood cholesterol, known as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which lower risk of heart disease
-Limit fat and sugar intake as it may lead to obesity
-Regular exercise

Question 14

define dehydration

Answer 14

Where the body’s water output exceeds water intake

Question 15

risk factors for dehydration

Answer 15

-Elderly as they are less sensitive to the sensation of thirst
-Sick people with symptoms like fever, vomiting, diarrhoea and sweating, as it leads to excessive fluid loss from the body
-People who perform strenuous tasks or exercise vigorously and sweat profusely

Question 16

symptoms/signs of dehydration - there is 12 state 5 only

Answer 16

Thirst
Dry skin and mouth
General weakness
Infrequent urination
Nausea
Vomiting
High body temperature (fever)
Concentrated urine
Mental confusion
Heatstroke (severe)
Coma (severe)
Death (severe)

Question 17

prevention of dehydration (2)

Answer 17

-Consume sufficient fluids, and fruit and vegetables with high water content
-Stay well hydrated before, during and after physical activity

Question 18

define heatstroke

Answer 18

Where the body fails to adequately dissipate heat and regulate the body temperature.

Question 19

symptoms/signs of heatstroke (4)

Answer 19

High fever
Mental confusion
Sudden stop of perspiration
Unconsciousness

Question 20

risk factors of heatstroke( 2)

Answer 20

Insufficient fluid intake with hot and humid environment around

Question 21

Prevention of heatstroke (3)

Answer 21

-Drink enough fluids
-Rest in cool and airy places
-Wear lightweight clothing in hot and humid weather

Question 22

define constipation

Answer 22

Infrequent bowel movements or difficulty in passing stools

Question 23

risk factors of constipation

Answer 23

Inadequate consumption of dietary fibre and fluids, resulting in dry and hard stools

Question 24

prevention of constipation

Answer 24

Consume dietary fibre-rich food and sufficient fluids

Question 25

define Osteoporosis

Answer 25

Low bone density and weakened bone strength

Question 26

risk factors of Osteoporosis

Answer 26

-A diet low in vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus
-A lack of exposure to the sun and physical inactivity
-Women as they have smaller, thinner bones than men

Question 27

prevention of Osteoporosis

Answer 27

-Consume food rich in calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D
-Sufficient exposure to sunlight
-Stay physically active

Question 28

define anaemia

Answer 28

Red blood cell count is lower than normal

Question 29

symptoms/signs of anaemia

Answer 29

Fatigue
Weakness
Shortness of breath
Pale skin

Question 30

Risk factors of anemia

Answer 30

Poor iron absorption, insufficient iron intake, blood loss

Women as they lose blood due to mensuration and pregnancy

Question 31

Preventionof anemia

Answer 31

Include adequate amount of iron-rich food

Increase intake of food high in vitamin C