Chapter 1-Protein Flashcards
what are the chemical elements in Proteins
C- carbon
H- hydrogen
O- oxygen
N- nitrogen
what are amino acids made up of
different combinations of :
C- carbon
H- hydrogen
O- oxygen
N- nitrogen
what are protein molecules made up of
Different variations of amino acids
where does the digestion of proteins start
In the stomach
where is protein broken down into amino acids during digestion
The partially digested proteins are broken down into amino acids in the small intestine
How many types of amino acids are there
20
how many essential amino acids are there
9
how many non-essential amino acids are there
11
name four essential amino aids
leucine
lysine
threonine
valine
name four non essential amino acids
glycine
proline
serine
alanine
define protein of high biological value protein
Protein of high biological value are also known as complete proteins. They supply the body with all the essential amino acids in the right amounts
food examples of high biological value proteins
Beefs
Chicken
Soya beans
Milk
eggs
what is another name for high biological value protein
complete protein
define protein of low biological value protein
proteins of low biological value proteins are also known as incomplete protein. They lack one or more essential amino acids that is required by the human body.
what is another name for low biological value protein
incomplete proteins
food examples of low biological value proteins
almonds
sunflower seeds
dhal
barley
what type of food are low biological value protein food
all plant based foods except soya beans and quinoa are low biological value foods.
define complimentary proteins
complementary proteins are formed by combining two or more low biological value protein such that the body obtains all the essential amino acids for various body functions.
food examples of complimentary proteins
-dhal with rice
-baked beans and bread
-peanut and sesame brittle
how much energy is given by one gram of protein
4Kcal
5 examples of plant based proteins
pulses : lentils and green peas
nuts and seeds: walnuts and lotus seeds
grain products : quinoa
8 examples of animal based proteins
meat: beef and chicken
eggs: duck eggs and hen eggs
dairy products: cheese and yoghurt
seafood : seabass and prawns
7 functions of protein in body
-growth and repair
-providing structure
-transportation of nutrients, wastes and gases
-formation of enzymes
-strong immune system
-energy reserve
-body movement
elaboration for growth and repair
portions are important to support growth and maintain good health. Proteins are also needed to repair and replace worn-out cells and tissues.
elaboration for providing structure
proteins in the form of collagen are important components in the skin, nail, ligaments, muscles, tendons and other tissues providing structure.
elaboration for transportation of nutrients, wastes and gases
proteins like haemoglobin transports oxygen (gases) around the body
elaboration for formation of enzymes
proteins make up enzymes that help the body do many things including break down large food molecules into smaller substances during digestion.
elaboration for strong immune system
proteins in the form of antibodies protect the body against attacks by harmful microorganisms and foreign substances.
elaboration for energy reserve
during prolonged starvation when the body doesn’t have enough intake of carbhdrates or fats. Proteins can be broken down to supply energy.
elabration of body movement
proteins make up a huge portion of the musles in the body. all body movements in due to muscl contraction.
