chapter 2- Carbohydrates Flashcards
What does the molecule of carbohydrates contain
-Carbon
-Hydrogen
-Oxygen
what are the end products of carbohydrates
fructose, galactose, glucose
what form of carbohydrates cannot be digested
dietary fibre is a form of carbohydrates that cannot be digested it is excreted out of the body
what is Strach digested into
glucose
what is maltose digested into
glucose and glucose
what is lactose digested into
glucose and galactose
what is sucrose digested into
glucose and fructose
what is dietary fibre digested into
dietary fibre in indigestible
what are the two types of carbohydrates
-simple carbohydrates
-complex carbohydrates
what are simple carbohydrates made up of
monosaccharides and disaccharides
what are complex carbohydrates made up of
polysaccharides
what are the three monosaccharides
-fructose
-galactose
-glucose
what are the three disaccharides
-lactose
-maltose
-sucrose
what are the two types o polysaccharides
starch and dietary fibre
what are the two components in dietary fibre
cellulose and pectin
define monosaccharides
monosaccharides are the simplest unit of carbohydrates. Fructose, galactose and glucose are the most common monosaccharides fund in food.
define fructose
Fructose, or frit sugar is the sweetest natural sugar. It can be found in honey fruits and vegetables.
define galactose
Galactose does not exists alone in food. it bons with glucose to form lactose , a disaccharides found in milk.
define glucose
Glucose is the most important monosaccharides as it serves as a main source of energy. It is found in fruits certain vegetables and honey
define disaccharides
disaccharides consist of two units of monosaccharides bonded together. The most common disaccharides in food include lactose (milk sugars), and maltose (malt sugar) and sucrose (can or table sugar)
define lactose
A molecule of lactose consists of a glucose molecule bonded to galactose molecule. Lactose is found naturally in dairy milk.
define maltose
A molecule of maltose consists of two glucose molecule bonded together. Maltose is found naturally in sugar molecules (syrups), germinating barely and sweet potato
define sucrose
A molecule of sucrose consists of a glucose molecule bonded to a fructose molecule. Sucrose is found naturally in sugar cane, honey fruit and certain vegetables.
what is a characteristic of simple carbohydrates
they tend to be more sweet
what are the two neutral food groups that have both complex and simple carbohydrates.
fruits and vegetables
8 Food rich in simple carbohydrates
sugars and sweeteners: honey and table sugar
Processed food : chocolate and kaya
Fruit: apple and mango
Vegetable : sweet potato and corn
10 food rich in complex carbohydrate
vegetables: tomato and yam
Fruits: apple and orange
Pulses: dhal and kidney beans
Processed food: pasta and yellow noodles
cereals: Oats and brown rice.
Define complex carbohydrates
Complex carbohydrates consists of mainly polysaccharides. Starch and dietary fibre are examples of polysaccharides in food.
define polysaccharides
Polysaccharides are large carbohydrate molecules made up of more than 10 units of monosaccharides bonded together. Starch can be digested but dietary fibre cannot be digested.
Define starch
Starch consists of hundreds of glucose molecules joined together into a chain-like structure. It is abundant in cereals and tubers.
Define Cellulose
Cellulose is an insoluble component of cell walls that provides support to plants. Fruits, vegetables, wholegrains and beans are good sources of cellulose.
Define Pectin
Pectin is a soluble component found in the cell walls of certain plants. Apple, apricot, citrus fruit and plums are good sources of pectin.
What are the two functions of carbohydrates in the body
- source of energy
-aids digestion
elaboration for source of energy (function)
Carbohydrates are one of the main sources of energy that fuels a persons daily activities. Due to it giving 4 Kcal enrgy for eah gram of carbohydrate digested
how much energy does carbohydrates give per gram of carbohydrates digested
4Kcal
what happens to excess Carbohydrates
It is converted into glycogen or fats for storage in the body.
what does glucose do
glucose is the primary fuel for body cells. Red blood cells, brain cells an cells of the nervous system rely on glucose for energy.
elaboration for aids digestion
Carbohydrates in the form of DIETARY FIBRE provides bulk stools, improve bowel movement to prevent constipation.
