Chapter 3- Fats

Question 1

chemical elements in fats

Answer 1

-Carbon
-Hydrogen
-Oxygen

Question 2

what are the two basic components of fats

Answer 2

one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids molecules

Question 3

what are fatty acids made up of

Answer 3

they are made up of hydrogen and carbon

Question 4

What are fatty acids

Answer 4

Fatty acids contain hydrocarbon chains that Vary in length from 4-24 carbon atoms and number of double bonds.

Question 5

what is special abut the number of double bonds.

Answer 5

The number of double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain determine whether a fatty acid is categorised as saturated, mono unsaturated or poly unsaturated.

Question 6

saturated fatty acids

Answer 6

In saturated fatty acids all the carbon atoms with the hydrocarbon chain carry the maximum number of hydrogen atoms . They are connected in single bonds and there is no double bonds within their structure

Question 7

unsaturated fatty acids (eh. monounsaturated and polyunsaturated)

Answer 7

In unsaturated fatty acids there are one or more double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain. mono saturated fatty acids comprise one double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids compromise two or more double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain

Question 8

where does digestion of fats take place

Answer 8

The digestion of fats into glycerol and fatty acids take place on the small intestine

Question 9

what is the end products of digestion of fats

Answer 9

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 10

Define saturated fats

Answer 10

Saturated fats consists mainly of saturated fatty acids, which do not not contain any double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain, and therefore cannot take in any more hydrogen atoms

Question 11

saturated fats state at room temperature

Answer 11

They are solid at room temperature

Question 12

examples of saturated fats

Answer 12

Butter, coconut oil and pal oil and lard

Question 13

health effects of saturated fats

Answer 13

They should be consumed in moderation cause they increases risk of developing diabetes, hear diseases and cancer.

Question 14

definition of unsaturated fats

Answer 14

Unsaturated fats consist mostly of unsaturated fatty acids. There are two types of unsaturated fats, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated

Question 15

Definition of monounsaturated fats

Answer 15

Monounsaturated fats consists mostly of monounsaturated fatty acids. they contain one double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain that can take in two hydrogen atoms.

Question 16

health effects of monounsaturated fats

Answer 16

They lower the risk of stroke and heat diseases .

Question 17

state in room temperature of monounsaturated fats

Answer 17

Liquid

Question 18

examples of monounsaturated fats

Answer 18

Olive oil, avocados, almonds and peanut oil

Question 19

Definition of polyunsaturated fats

Answer 19

Polyunsaturated fats contain mostly of polyunsaturated fatty acids. They contain two or more double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain that can take in four or more hydrogen atoms

Question 20

state in room temperature of polyunsaturated fats

Answer 20

They are mostly liquid at room temperature

Question 21

examples of polyunsaturated fats

Answer 21

Soya bean oil, walnut, sunflower seeds

Question 22

health effects due to polyunsaturated fats

Answer 22

It is beneficial for heart health

Question 23

Definition of trans fat

Answer 23

Trans fat contain trans fatty acids that are produced during hydrogenation of vegetable oil like palm oil.

Question 24

Explain hydrogenation of trans fats

Answer 24

Hydrogenation is a industrial process in which liquid oils are converted to solid fats. This makes shortening and margarine. During the process the unsaturated fatty acids become more saturated and trans fatty acids are produced.

Question 25

health effects of tarns fats

Answer 25

Causes cancer and heart diseases.

Question 26

examples of trans fat food.

Answer 26

Chicken nuggets, pastries, margarine and vegetable shortening.

Question 27

what type of fats are animal fats and with the exception of what

Answer 27

All animal fats are saturated fats except fish oils.

Question 28

Plants oil are rich in what types of fats and what are the exception oils and their fat

Answer 28

Lang oils are rich in unsaturated fats except Pam and coconut oil.

Question 29

plant sources of fats (5)

Answer 29

Walnut, almond , avocado, olive oil, margarine

Question 30

animal sources of fats (4)

Answer 30

Sausage, cheese,salmon, butter

Question 31

state the 4 functions of fats

Answer 31

• rich source of energy
• storage of fat soluble fats
• insulation
• protection of vital organs

Question 32

elaborate rich source of energy

Answer 32

Fats are a Rich source of energy for the body, each gram yields 9 Kcal of enough. It can also be stored in excess, so if dietary intake does not give enough energy during a starvation maybe, the fats will provide the energy for daily activities .

Question 33

elaborate storage for fat soluble vitamins

Answer 33

Fats in the body dissolve and store fat-soluble vitamin (ADEK) this improving the absorption and the use of these vitamins

Question 34

elaborate insulation

Answer 34

The layer of fat under the skin reduces heat loss from the body, thus insulating the body against the cold.

Question 35

elaborate protection of vital organs

Answer 35

Vital organs like liver are protected by fat deposits. The fat deposits act as a cushioning and Prevent damaging vita, organs against impact and damaging blows .

Question 36

How much energy is given from fats

Answer 36

9 Kcal