Chapter 3- Fats Flashcards
chemical elements in fats
-Carbon
-Hydrogen
-Oxygen
what are the two basic components of fats
one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids molecules
what are fatty acids made up of
they are made up of hydrogen and carbon
What are fatty acids
Fatty acids contain hydrocarbon chains that Vary in length from 4-24 carbon atoms and number of double bonds.
what is special abut the number of double bonds.
The number of double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain determine whether a fatty acid is categorised as saturated, mono unsaturated or poly unsaturated.
saturated fatty acids
In saturated fatty acids all the carbon atoms with the hydrocarbon chain carry the maximum number of hydrogen atoms . They are connected in single bonds and there is no double bonds within their structure
unsaturated fatty acids (eh. monounsaturated and polyunsaturated)
In unsaturated fatty acids there are one or more double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain. mono saturated fatty acids comprise one double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids compromise two or more double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain
where does digestion of fats take place
The digestion of fats into glycerol and fatty acids take place on the small intestine
what is the end products of digestion of fats
Fatty acids and glycerol
Define saturated fats
Saturated fats consists mainly of saturated fatty acids, which do not not contain any double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain, and therefore cannot take in any more hydrogen atoms
saturated fats state at room temperature
They are solid at room temperature
examples of saturated fats
Butter, coconut oil and pal oil and lard
health effects of saturated fats
They should be consumed in moderation cause they increases risk of developing diabetes, hear diseases and cancer.
definition of unsaturated fats
Unsaturated fats consist mostly of unsaturated fatty acids. There are two types of unsaturated fats, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated
Definition of monounsaturated fats
Monounsaturated fats consists mostly of monounsaturated fatty acids. they contain one double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain that can take in two hydrogen atoms.
health effects of monounsaturated fats
They lower the risk of stroke and heat diseases .
state in room temperature of monounsaturated fats
Liquid
examples of monounsaturated fats
Olive oil, avocados, almonds and peanut oil
Definition of polyunsaturated fats
Polyunsaturated fats contain mostly of polyunsaturated fatty acids. They contain two or more double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain that can take in four or more hydrogen atoms
state in room temperature of polyunsaturated fats
They are mostly liquid at room temperature
examples of polyunsaturated fats
Soya bean oil, walnut, sunflower seeds
health effects due to polyunsaturated fats
It is beneficial for heart health
Definition of trans fat
Trans fat contain trans fatty acids that are produced during hydrogenation of vegetable oil like palm oil.
Explain hydrogenation of trans fats
Hydrogenation is a industrial process in which liquid oils are converted to solid fats. This makes shortening and margarine. During the process the unsaturated fatty acids become more saturated and trans fatty acids are produced.
health effects of tarns fats
Causes cancer and heart diseases.
examples of trans fat food.
Chicken nuggets, pastries, margarine and vegetable shortening.
what type of fats are animal fats and with the exception of what
All animal fats are saturated fats except fish oils.
Plants oil are rich in what types of fats and what are the exception oils and their fat
Lang oils are rich in unsaturated fats except Pam and coconut oil.
plant sources of fats (5)
Walnut, almond , avocado, olive oil, margarine
animal sources of fats (4)
Sausage, cheese,salmon, butter
state the 4 functions of fats
- rich source of energy
- storage of fat soluble fats
- insulation
- protection of vital organs
elaborate rich source of energy
Fats are a Rich source of energy for the body, each gram yields 9 Kcal of enough. It can also be stored in excess, so if dietary intake does not give enough energy during a starvation maybe, the fats will provide the energy for daily activities .
elaborate storage for fat soluble vitamins
Fats in the body dissolve and store fat-soluble vitamin (ADEK) this improving the absorption and the use of these vitamins
elaborate insulation
The layer of fat under the skin reduces heat loss from the body, thus insulating the body against the cold.
elaborate protection of vital organs
Vital organs like liver are protected by fat deposits. The fat deposits act as a cushioning and Prevent damaging vita, organs against impact and damaging blows .
How much energy is given from fats
9 Kcal
