Chapter 7: Democracy in Distress Flashcards
Partisan Politics
The idea of a two or more party system
Departments of War, States, and Treasury
Washington nominated Henry Knox, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton.
Edmund Randolph
Severed as part time attorney general; slightly lower than department head
Population (census)
Since the constitution required a population count, Thomas Jefferson organized the census
Judiciary Act of 1789
Oliver Ellsworth; created the Supreme Court with a Chief Justice and 5 other judges
John Jay
Chief Justice and leading New York politician
Tariff of 1789
Government taxed 5% of import
Hamilton and Jefferson’s differences:
Hamilton: implied powers, not bond by the constitution; grow closer to mother Britain
Jefferson: strict construction; bias = France
Report on the Public Credit
Written by Hamilton; shows the nation’s $54 million debt
Debt Assumption
The nation taking all of the state’s individual debts, combining them, and then paying them back via taxes
Virginia did to like this
William Maclay
Hamilton’s most out spoken critic; Scots-Irish senator of PA
New Federal Capital
As a compromise, Thomas Jefferson agreed give backers to Hamilton’s bill of debt assumption as long as the capital s moved to the Potomac River
Bank of the United States
Purposed by Hamilton and passed because of his letter to George Washington was more convincing than Jefferson’s.
Used to stimulate economy, and borrowing, and
“Defense of the Constitutionality of the Bank”
Hamilton’s letter to Washington that convinced him not to veto the bill creating the bank
Implied powers
Implied Powers
The powers not stated in the constitution, but are implied in order for certain things to work
Report of the Manufactures
Hamilton’s report showing his plans for making manufacturing a serious business in USA
Federalists and Republicans
Federalists = Hamilton Republicans = Jefferson
Estates General
A representative assembly organized by Louis XVI that eventually led to his downfall
French Revolution
The extremely violent revolution against the crown of France that led to the deaths of the monarch and many of his sympathizers
Reign of Terror
A “reign” of a radical group called the Jacobins that included the be-headings of thousands of monarch sympathizers via guillotine
Impressment
When, for example, Great Britain is a douche and stops an American trading vessel and makes them work for Great Britian
Edmond Genet
French minister to the US who rallied a bunch of US ships to go and attack British ships in the name of France
All against the US’s neutrality
Proclamation of Neutrality
Issued by the president
Jay’s Treaty
After George Washington sent him to London, John Jay offered up a treaty involving the remove of British troops from US, payment for the lost ships, and acceptance of the US’s neutrality
The Republican Interest
Jefferson’s supports who believed the war was in favor of the French and that the British would need America for foodstuffs
Hamilton’s Treaty
The revised version of Jay’s Treaty
Royal Navy would still search ships, and impress suspected British citizens, and no money was to be replayed for the ships lost until America repaid its debts
People thought the treaty turned against their interests
Executive Secrecy
Could the president withhold information from the public?
Yes
“The British Party”
The name that the Republicans dubbed the Federalists
General Josiah Harmar
An American general that led his troops into an ambush during the period of Indian attacks in the Northwest Territory
General Arthur St. Clair
Another general who lost 900 of his men to the Indians
General Anthony Waine
The general of a major military force
When the Indians and the Americans fought, the Indians had no British troops to back them.
General at the Battle of Fallen Timbers
Battle of Fallen Timbers
The fight between Indians and General Anthony Wayne, and his troops, that crushed Indian resistance in the Northwest Territory
Treaty of Greenville
The treaty the Indians were practically forced to sign after the lose at the Battle of Fallen Timbers
Gave the US the Ohio area
Pinckney’s Treaty
Also called the Treaty of Sn Lorenzo; opened up the Mississippi, right to deposit goods in New Orleans at no cost, and a promise to stay out of Indian affairs
Gazette of the United States
Established by John Fenno
A political journal that sided with Hamilton’s views
National Gazette
Phillip Freneau
The Republican’s counter to the Gazette of the United States
Noah Webster
Spent the 1790s editing a Federalist journal (American Minerva)
Later published An American Dictionary of the English Language
Joel Barlow
Connecticut poet
Wrote in verse praise of the French Revoltution
Whiskey Rebellion
Caused by Hamilton’s Whiskey Tax (used to pay off war debt)
Western PA
Governor refused to do anything
Washington formed an army to smother the Rebellion
What rebellion?
Led to the Republicans to believe that Washington did this to created a standing army
Washington’s Farewell Address
Warned about: Political factions Keep out of foreign affairs Powerful military Maintain national unity
Election of 1796
Adams was elected president
Jefferson elected Vice President
Two opposing parties “working” together
Electoral College
Fowl awes were manipulated by Hamilton to get Jefferson into office because he feared Adams would be too hard to manipulate
Betrayal caused tension in the Federalist Party
Timothy Pickering and James McHenry
The two people most infamous for going behind Adams’ back and talking to Hamilton
Pierre Adet
The French minister in Philly who openly tried to sway the election toward the Republicans
Quasi War
The state of French impressment and America’s almost going to war
The High Federalists
Federalist extremists
Hamilton’s wing of the party
Talleyrand
The French minister of foreign affairs the the negotiating team did not meet with
XYZ Affair
French agents X, Y, and Z refused the negotiating team to see Talleyrand until…
A loan of $10 million dollars was given to France
$250,000 given to France
Provisional Army
A standing army led by Washington and Hamilton
An expensive extravagance
Was never used
Benjamin Stroddert
Adam is elected him to be the head of the Navy Department.
Did not take orders from Hamilton
The Alien and Sedition Acts
A series of bills passed by the Federalist majority to smother out political dissent
Alien Enemies Law
The president could detain or deport immigrants of a nation that the US is at war with as long as they acted in a suspicious manner
Alien Law
The president could expel any foreigner from the US the executed decree
Neutralization Law
It takes 14 years before you could apply for citizenship
New immigrants tended to vote Republican
The Sedition Law
Stated that if one criticized the government, you could be fine and imprisonment
“Adam’s Ample Posterior”
a drunk wandered out of a bar, saw a 16 gun salute to Adams, and stated that he wished a cannon ball would lodge itself in “Adams’s Ample Posterior”
He was arrested
Matthew Lyon
A congressman running for reelection and said he thought the Adams administration has mishandled the Quasi War
He spit in the eye of a Federalist Congressman, was sent to jail, and was still reelected him to Congress
John Taylor
suggest that seceding from the Union when faced this the Sedition Law
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
Written by Jefferson and Madison
States determine constitutionality of federal laws
Kentucky Resolutions talked about how states have all the powers not mentioned in the Constitution
Virginia Resolutions urged the states to defend the rights of the people
Doctrine of Nullification
States can overthrow federal law
William Vans Murray
Adams’s choice for US rep in France
Thus begun Adams’s “Let’s replace everyone”
Convention of Mortefontaine
where war was avoided, treaties of 1778 nullified, removed annoying commerce restrictions, and paved the way to the purchasing of the Louisiana Territory
Election of 1800
split between the “I Hate Adams” and the “Jesus Christ, I Love Adams” fan clubs
A tie between Pres and VP
President: Jefferson
VP: Burr
Letter Concerning the Public Conduct and Character of John Adams
Written by Hamilton
told off how much of a piece of shit Adams was
James A. Bayard
Of Delaware
tipped the vote towards Jefferson
12th Amendment
cast separate ballots for VP and President
“Midnight Judges”
those federalists appointed to the bench by Adams last minute
“We are all Republicans, We are all Federalists”
Jefferson’s inauguration speech to quiet partisan fears
