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APUSH > Chapter 7: Democracy in Distress > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Democracy in Distress Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Partisan Politics

A

The idea of a two or more party system

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2
Q

Departments of War, States, and Treasury

A

Washington nominated Henry Knox, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton.

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3
Q

Edmund Randolph

A

Severed as part time attorney general; slightly lower than department head

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4
Q

Population (census)

A

Since the constitution required a population count, Thomas Jefferson organized the census

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5
Q

Judiciary Act of 1789

A

Oliver Ellsworth; created the Supreme Court with a Chief Justice and 5 other judges

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6
Q

John Jay

A

Chief Justice and leading New York politician

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7
Q

Tariff of 1789

A

Government taxed 5% of import

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8
Q

Hamilton and Jefferson’s differences:

A

Hamilton: implied powers, not bond by the constitution; grow closer to mother Britain
Jefferson: strict construction; bias = France

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9
Q

Report on the Public Credit

A

Written by Hamilton; shows the nation’s $54 million debt

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10
Q

Debt Assumption

A

The nation taking all of the state’s individual debts, combining them, and then paying them back via taxes

Virginia did to like this

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11
Q

William Maclay

A

Hamilton’s most out spoken critic; Scots-Irish senator of PA

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12
Q

New Federal Capital

A

As a compromise, Thomas Jefferson agreed give backers to Hamilton’s bill of debt assumption as long as the capital s moved to the Potomac River

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13
Q

Bank of the United States

A

Purposed by Hamilton and passed because of his letter to George Washington was more convincing than Jefferson’s.

Used to stimulate economy, and borrowing, and

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14
Q

“Defense of the Constitutionality of the Bank”

A

Hamilton’s letter to Washington that convinced him not to veto the bill creating the bank

Implied powers

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15
Q

Implied Powers

A

The powers not stated in the constitution, but are implied in order for certain things to work

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16
Q

Report of the Manufactures

A

Hamilton’s report showing his plans for making manufacturing a serious business in USA

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17
Q

Federalists and Republicans

A 
Federalists = Hamilton
Republicans = Jefferson
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18
Q

Estates General

A

A representative assembly organized by Louis XVI that eventually led to his downfall

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19
Q

French Revolution

A

The extremely violent revolution against the crown of France that led to the deaths of the monarch and many of his sympathizers

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20
Q

Reign of Terror

A

A “reign” of a radical group called the Jacobins that included the be-headings of thousands of monarch sympathizers via guillotine

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21
Q

Impressment

A

When, for example, Great Britain is a douche and stops an American trading vessel and makes them work for Great Britian

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22
Q

Edmond Genet

A

French minister to the US who rallied a bunch of US ships to go and attack British ships in the name of France

All against the US’s neutrality

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23
Q

Proclamation of Neutrality

A

Issued by the president

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24
Q

Jay’s Treaty

A

After George Washington sent him to London, John Jay offered up a treaty involving the remove of British troops from US, payment for the lost ships, and acceptance of the US’s neutrality

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25
Q

The Republican Interest

A

Jefferson’s supports who believed the war was in favor of the French and that the British would need America for foodstuffs

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26
Q

Hamilton’s Treaty

A

The revised version of Jay’s Treaty

Royal Navy would still search ships, and impress suspected British citizens, and no money was to be replayed for the ships lost until America repaid its debts

People thought the treaty turned against their interests

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27
Q

Executive Secrecy

A

Could the president withhold information from the public?

Yes

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28
Q

“The British Party”

A

The name that the Republicans dubbed the Federalists

29
Q

General Josiah Harmar

A

An American general that led his troops into an ambush during the period of Indian attacks in the Northwest Territory

30
Q

General Arthur St. Clair

A

Another general who lost 900 of his men to the Indians

31
Q

General Anthony Waine

A

The general of a major military force

When the Indians and the Americans fought, the Indians had no British troops to back them.

General at the Battle of Fallen Timbers

32
Q

Battle of Fallen Timbers

A

The fight between Indians and General Anthony Wayne, and his troops, that crushed Indian resistance in the Northwest Territory

33
Q

Treaty of Greenville

A

The treaty the Indians were practically forced to sign after the lose at the Battle of Fallen Timbers

Gave the US the Ohio area

34
Q

Pinckney’s Treaty

A

Also called the Treaty of Sn Lorenzo; opened up the Mississippi, right to deposit goods in New Orleans at no cost, and a promise to stay out of Indian affairs

35
Q

Gazette of the United States

A

Established by John Fenno

A political journal that sided with Hamilton’s views

36
Q

National Gazette

A

Phillip Freneau

The Republican’s counter to the Gazette of the United States

37
Q

Noah Webster

A

Spent the 1790s editing a Federalist journal (American Minerva)
Later published An American Dictionary of the English Language

38
Q

Joel Barlow

A

Connecticut poet

Wrote in verse praise of the French Revoltution

39
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

Caused by Hamilton’s Whiskey Tax (used to pay off war debt)
Western PA
Governor refused to do anything
Washington formed an army to smother the Rebellion
What rebellion?
Led to the Republicans to believe that Washington did this to created a standing army

40
Q

Washington’s Farewell Address

A 
Warned about: 
Political factions
Keep out of foreign affairs
Powerful military
Maintain national unity
41
Q

Election of 1796

A

Adams was elected president
Jefferson elected Vice President
Two opposing parties “working” together

42
Q

Electoral College

A

Fowl awes were manipulated by Hamilton to get Jefferson into office because he feared Adams would be too hard to manipulate
Betrayal caused tension in the Federalist Party

43
Q

Timothy Pickering and James McHenry

A

The two people most infamous for going behind Adams’ back and talking to Hamilton

44
Q

Pierre Adet

A

The French minister in Philly who openly tried to sway the election toward the Republicans

45
Q

Quasi War

A

The state of French impressment and America’s almost going to war

46
Q

The High Federalists

A

Federalist extremists

Hamilton’s wing of the party

47
Q

Talleyrand

A

The French minister of foreign affairs the the negotiating team did not meet with

48
Q

XYZ Affair

A

French agents X, Y, and Z refused the negotiating team to see Talleyrand until…
A loan of $10 million dollars was given to France
$250,000 given to France

49
Q

Provisional Army

A

A standing army led by Washington and Hamilton
An expensive extravagance
Was never used

50
Q

Benjamin Stroddert

A

Adam is elected him to be the head of the Navy Department.

Did not take orders from Hamilton

51
Q

The Alien and Sedition Acts

A

A series of bills passed by the Federalist majority to smother out political dissent

52
Q

Alien Enemies Law

A

The president could detain or deport immigrants of a nation that the US is at war with as long as they acted in a suspicious manner

53
Q

Alien Law

A

The president could expel any foreigner from the US the executed decree

54
Q

Neutralization Law

A

It takes 14 years before you could apply for citizenship

New immigrants tended to vote Republican

55
Q

The Sedition Law

A

Stated that if one criticized the government, you could be fine and imprisonment

56
Q

“Adam’s Ample Posterior”

A

a drunk wandered out of a bar, saw a 16 gun salute to Adams, and stated that he wished a cannon ball would lodge itself in “Adams’s Ample Posterior”
He was arrested

57
Q

Matthew Lyon

A

A congressman running for reelection and said he thought the Adams administration has mishandled the Quasi War
He spit in the eye of a Federalist Congressman, was sent to jail, and was still reelected him to Congress

58
Q

John Taylor

A

suggest that seceding from the Union when faced this the Sedition Law

59
Q

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

A

Written by Jefferson and Madison

States determine constitutionality of federal laws
Kentucky Resolutions talked about how states have all the powers not mentioned in the Constitution
Virginia Resolutions urged the states to defend the rights of the people

60
Q

Doctrine of Nullification

A

States can overthrow federal law

61
Q

William Vans Murray

A

Adams’s choice for US rep in France

Thus begun Adams’s “Let’s replace everyone”

62
Q

Convention of Mortefontaine

A

where war was avoided, treaties of 1778 nullified, removed annoying commerce restrictions, and paved the way to the purchasing of the Louisiana Territory

63
Q

Election of 1800

A

split between the “I Hate Adams” and the “Jesus Christ, I Love Adams” fan clubs

A tie between Pres and VP

President: Jefferson
VP: Burr

64
Q

Letter Concerning the Public Conduct and Character of John Adams

A

Written by Hamilton

told off how much of a piece of shit Adams was

65
Q

James A. Bayard

A

Of Delaware

tipped the vote towards Jefferson

66
Q

12th Amendment

A

cast separate ballots for VP and President

67
Q

“Midnight Judges”

A

those federalists appointed to the bench by Adams last minute

68
Q

“We are all Republicans, We are all Federalists”

A

Jefferson’s inauguration speech to quiet partisan fears

APUSH (17 decks)

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