Chapter 16: The Agony of Reconstruction

Question 1

Robert Smalls

Answer 1

An African American leader from South Carolina

• surrendered the confederate ship Planter to the Union during the civil war
• Smalls was made a captain in the navy during the war

Question 2

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

Answer 2

.

Question 3

10% Plan

Answer 3

Once ten percent of the pop. Swear an oath to the union, the state is aloud to make a loyal state govt.
Louisiana and Arkansas were the first (joined during the war)

Question 4

Radical Republicans

Answer 4

Favored protected of black rights and black male suffrage.

Question 5

Wade-Davis Plan

Answer 5

Congress’ response to the 10% Plan.
- 50% of the pop. had to swear an oath to the union.
- those who swore to never want the states to secede could vote in elections for delegates to a constitutional convention
- did not require black suffrage
Lincoln use his pocket veto, it was super effective.

Question 6

13th Amendement

Answer 6

The Amendment that abolished slavery.
Johnson thought this would complete the reconstruction.
Limited suffrage to white males

Question 7

Black Codes

Answer 7

Subjected exslaves to regulations and restrictions of their freedom

Question 8

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 8

Temporary agency set up to aid the former slaves by providing relief, education, legal help, and assistance in obtaining land or employment.
Vetoed by Johnson

Question 9

Civil Rights Bill

Answer 9

Nullify Black Codes and guarantee equality to freedmen.

Nullified by Johnson

Question 10

National Union

Answer 10

Used Johnson to promote his idea that the rest of the rebel states should be absorbed into the union without any fluff.
New conservative party?

Question 11

14th Amendment

Answer 11

An amendment the made it unconstitutional for Johnson to not enforce the civil rights legislation in court.
Gave the federal govt the responsibly to protect civil rights.

Question 12

“Swing Around the Circle”

Answer 12

Johnson’s tour of the nation, in which he engaged in undignified exchanges with hecklers and called his opposers mean names.

Question 13

Radical Reconstruction

Answer 13

The compromise between the radicals and some moderate ideals.
Nullified the president’s initiatives and reorganized the south on a new basis.

Question 14

“Regeneration before Reconstruction”

Answer 14

.

Question 15

First Reconstruction Act

Answer 15

Passed over Johnson’s veto

• placed south under the rule of the army by reorganizing the region into five military districts
• this would not last for ever

Question 16

Tenure of Office Act

Answer 16

Required the Senate’s approval for the removal of cabinet officers or anybody else whose appointment was cause through The Senate’s approval

Question 17

Edwin Stanton

Answer 17

Secretary of War that Johnson tried to fire (only radical in the cabinet left behind by Lincoln). Went against the Tenure of Office Act and gave Congress a reason to impeach him.

Question 18

Lorenzo Thomas

Answer 18

The person Johnson appoint to be the new secretary of war, after Grant refused the position.

Question 19

“High Crimes and Misdemeanors”

Answer 19

Johnson’s attorneys said that he had not committed any of these, and therefore could not be removed from office.

Question 20

Benjamin Wade

Answer 20

The guy who would replace Johnson, if he was removed from office, was a worse of a guy.

Question 21

“Forty Acres and a Mule”

Answer 21

The Freedman’s Bureau had islands and coastal areas off of Georgia and South Carolina to split into 40 acres and give to ex-slaves for a small fee.
The dream would not give them control of their land and labor. It didn’t get through congress.

Question 22

Contract Labor System

Answer 22

workers committed themselves for a year in return for fixed wages, a great deal of which was witheld until after the harvest.
Freedman’s bureau enforced the contracts to protect the blacks.

Question 23

Sharecropping

Answer 23

Blacks worked a piece of land independently for a fixed share of the crop, usually half.
Led to a form of slavery (tied to a landlord via debts)

Question 24

Black Code of 1865

Answer 24

attempted to require the separation of the races in public places/facilities.
Most were overturned by congress as violations of the Civil Rights Act of 1866.
The start of the “separate but equal” ordeal.

Question 25

“Jim Crow”

Answer 25

the title given to laws, or facilities (train cars) ment specifically for blacks.

Question 26

Carpetbaggers

Answer 26

those from the north that moved south in order to make money off of enlistment of government aid for private enterprises.

Question 27

Panic of 1873

Answer 27

Inflation caused the downturn.

Put many state governments at risk of bankruptcy. Put an end to the building of railroads.

Question 28

Pinkney B.S. Pinchback

Answer 28

served for a time as the acting governor of Louisiana.

Not many blacks were elected in offices of any kind.

Question 29

Blanche K. Bruce

Answer 29

An African American in national office.
Educated - privileged prewar
Showed more integrity and competence than their white peers.

Question 30

Apprenticeship System

Answer 30

black children should be the apprentices of some white person.
Preferably their former masters.
Could become a form of re-enslavement.
Challenged the system in county courts and through the freedman’s bureau.

Question 31

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 31

Won the election of 1868.

Blamed for the corruption in his administration.

Question 32

Greenbackers

Answer 32

party that supported paper money to specie.

Strongest in the west.

Question 33

Specie Resumption Act

Answer 33

provided for a limited reduction of greenbacks leading full resumption of specie payments.
People suffering from deflation were pissed.

Question 34

Greenback Labor Party

Answer 34

Nominated Peter Cooper for the presidency, but they didn’t get many votes.
Later, 14 of their congressmen were voted into congress. Kept the money issue alive for a decade.

Question 35

Fifteenth Amendment

Answer 35

Republican effort for equal rights for the blacks

Made the denial of any male citizenship or suffrage illegal

Question 36

Lucy Stone

Answer 36

Leader of a group of feminists.

Supported the amendment by calling it the “Negro’s hour”

Question 37

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 37

Secret society of crazy racists.

Question 38

“Night Riders”

Answer 38

Members of the Klan that would visit the homes of repubs (post-15th amendment) and threaten/whip/kill them.

Question 39

Force Acts

Answer 39

Ku Klux Klan Acts

made interfering this voting rights to be a federal crime.

Question 40

White League

Answer 40

.

Question 40

“Spoilsmen” or “Politicos”

Answer 40

Those replace the old radicals of the Republican Party.

Radicalism was dying.

Question 41

Jay Gould

Answer 41

Made a profit off of corruption of the Grant administration via a brother-in-law of Grant’s.

Question 42

Schuyler Colfax

Answer 42

Vice President of Grant’s first term.

Involved in the Credit Mobilier Scandal

Question 43

Credit Mobilier

Answer 43

Construction company who kept money that was supposed to be given to the stockholders of the Union Pacific Railroad.
Covered their tracks by bribing influential congressmen, like Colfax.

Question 44

Horace Green

Answer 44

Nominee of the Liberal Republicans and Democrats.
Died before the electoral vote was cast.
Was a bad campaigner.