Chapter 24 - A Nation at War Flashcards
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1901
US to conduct and control the Isthmian canal as long as it was open to ships of all nations.
Negotiated with Britain
Hay-Herran Convention
ave the US a 99-year lease, with option for renewal, on the Canal zone 6 miles in width (paid a one-time fee of $10 million in annual rental fee of 250,000)
Nashville
the ship sent to Panama to help the rebelion
Hay-Buena-Vanilla Treaty
the canal = 10 miles wide across the Isthmus of Panama in exchange for Panamanian independence + fees of the Hay-Herran Treaty
Roosevelt Corollary
More Latin American nations to keep their affairs in order or face American intervention
Lodge Corollary
warned foreign corps not to purchase harbors and other sites of military significance in Latin America
Taft-Katsura Agreement
recognize Japan’s dominance over Korea in return for its promise not to invade the Philippines
Gentleman’s Agreement
stopped the flow of Japanese agricultural laborers into US
Root-Takahira Agreement
maintained the status quo in the Pacific, upheld the open door, and supported Chinese independence
21 Demands
Japan issued
insisting on authority over China and also eyed US colonies in the pacific
“dollar diplomacy”
Taft
promoted American financial and business interests abroad
Philander C. Knox
Taft’s Secretary of State
“cooling-off” treaties
provided for submitting all international disputes to permanent commissions of investigation and no war could be declared until the commission was done
Porfirio Diaz
Mexican president for 37 years was overthrown in 1911.
encouraged foreign investments Mexican minds railroads oil and land.
General Victoriano Huerta
ousted Diaz’s successor with the backing of the Catholic Church and the wealthy landowners
Venustiano Carranza
replaced Huerta
attacked Americans stationed in Mexico
John J. Pershing
Went after Carranza, but never found him
Archduke Frans Ferdinand
assassinated by a man of the Black Hand (Serbia) in Sarajevo
Started WWI
Progressive’s view of the war
Don’t get involved
German Literary Defense Committee
propaganda of Germany
stressed strength and will
Unterseeboot
German submarines
Lusitania and the Arabic
the ships that the U-boats sank and brought the US closer to war
Arabic pledge
Germans would alert passenger vessels and let them evacuate before blowing them up
Sussex pledge
promised to shoot on sight only ships of the enemies navy with the condition that the US compel the allies and their blockade and comply with international law
Zimmermann telegram
Germany proposed an alliance with Mexico in case of war with United States offering financial support and recovery of Mexico’s lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona
John J. (“Black Jack”) Perishing
commanded the AEF
American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
Commanded by Perishing
was not ready for battle
War Plan Orange
defensive war against Japan in the Pacific
War Plan Black
to counter a possible German attack in the Caribbean
Selective Service Act
provided for the registration of all men between ages of 21 and 30 (later changed to 18 and 45)
Committee on Public Information (CPI)
headed by George Creel
US propaganda
Division of Industrial Relations
division of the CPI
rally the laborers
Espionage Act
sentences up to 20 years for those found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing the recruitment of soldiers, or encouraging disloyalty. Also allowed the postmaster general to remove all mails that incited treason or insurrection
Trading-with-the-Enemy Act
authorized the gov’t to censor foreign language press
Sedition Act
harsh penalties on anyone using, disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language” about the gov’t, the flag, or armed forces uniforms
“Big Billy” Haywood
Industrial Workers of the World leader who had to flee to Russia to avoid imprisonment for being socialist
Eugene V. Debs
fter delivering a speech denouncing conservatism and the was, was convicted of violating the Espionage Act and served his time in Atlanta
War Industries Board (WIB)
Headed by Bernard M. Baruch
Determined priorities, fixed prices, and allocated raw materials
Food Administration
Headed by Herber Hoover
Convinced people to save food - “meatless” and “wheat less” days
Fixed prices to boost production, encouraged “victory gardens”
Fourteen Points
drafted by Wilson
terms of a war settlement that failed to quench war feelings
Peace Conference at Paris
new treaty made new nations (Poland & Czechoslovakia) and divided up German colonies
Germany was given full responsibly for the war (no peace without victory)
no free trade, or freedom of the seas, or disarmament
treaty was drafted behind closed doors
Wilson did win a League of Nations
Article X
look out for one another’s independence and territorial integrity
Treaty of Versailles
June 28, 1919 - signed in the House of Mirrors
“irreconcilables” and “reservationists”
opposed all things League (Repub.)
Election of 1920
Warren G. Harding (OH); waffled the treaty; he won 61% of the pop. vote
