Chapter 2: New World Experiments - England's 17th Century Colonies

Question 1

James I (1603-1625)

Answer 1

Successor of Queen Elizabeth.

fought with parliament over constitutional and representative government, and his policies sparked discontent.

Question 2

Charles I (1625-1649)

Answer 2

Successor of Queen Elizabeth.
Ruled alone, without parliament starting 1629.
1640 - king called parliament back because he ran out of money. Parliament called for constitutional reform.
Died in 1649 - beheaded

Question 3

Puritains

Answer 3

Demanded extreme purification of religious rituals. They though the Church of England was too much like the Catholic Church.

Question 4

Joint Stock Company

Answer 4

fund raising system of Elizabeth’s time. A business in which people could invest in without fear of bankruptcy.

Question 5

Virginia Company

Answer 5

New name of the London Company.
Was given a charter for the Virginia area by James I.
Colonists on the land were all male, were not prepared to work they way they had to, and expected to instantly become wealthy on arrival.
Colony was “saved” by Captain John Smith.
Really saved by Governor De La Warr, but the colony never flourished.

Question 6

“starving time”

Answer 6

the winter of 1609.

suicide and cannibalism were common

Question 7

Powhatans

Answer 7

thought that being allies with the English would give them the upper hand in their wars.
Settlers and natives could not live in peace, and the natives tried to run the settlers out of VA.

Question 8

John Rolfe

Answer 8

Husband of Pocahantas and first man to cultivate tobacco.

Tobacco made money, and people literally through themselves into the work.

Question 9

Sir Edward Sandys

Answer 9

New head of the VA Company, put life back in the organization.
Relaxed material law and promise elected representation in the House of Burgesses.
Pushed cotton and sugar growing as other means of profit.

Question 10

House of Burgesses

Answer 10

elected representation of the people of the VA colony.

Sir Edward Sandys

Question 11

Headright system

Answer 11

pay for the transportation and get 50 acres of land for a small rent. The more servants you bring, the mor eland you get.

Question 12

Indentured servants

Answer 12

made the majority of the population of this colony.
Serve for a set amount of years for a master who paid for the cost of travel.
Were cheated out of the land they were promised.

Question 13

Royal Colony

Answer 13

Since no one could keep the VA colony together, James I dissolved the VA Company and appointed a governor and council.
Opposed the House, but they kept meeting anyway.

Question 14

Cecilius Calvert

Answer 14

Son of King’s ex-secretary of state, George Calvert.
Was given charter for the land over VA. Called Maryland, after the queen.
Maryland = a haven for Catholics and a money making business.

Question 15

Proprietary Colony

Answer 15

Based on ideas for the feudal period.
Turned Cecilius into a lord with royal control. Controlled all whom lived on his 6 million acres.
Those with 6000+ acres were “lords”
the people refused their feudal roles and fought their “lords”.

Question 16

Act of Toleration

Answer 16

Passed to settle conflicts between the catholics and puritains.
Puritains repealed the act and, later, this caused a civil war.

Question 17

Pilgrims

Answer 17

English farmers
Separatists
Moved to Holland to escape the Anglican Church, but then left for America due to fear of losing themselves in Dutch culture.
English investors interested in religious reform.

Question 18

William Bradford

Answer 18

Author of “Of Plymouth Plantation”
Left for America with the Pilgrims.
colony would not have survived without him.

Question 19

Mayflower

Answer 19

the ship the pilgrims used to get to America

Question 20

Mayflower Compact

Answer 20

binding the pilgrims, and others, together as a political and civil body.

Question 21

Plymouth Colony

Answer 21

Pilgrim colony

Farming communities where the people live off the grain they grew and te animals they bred.

Question 22

Puritains

Answer 22

Not so much of a strict, nosy people with dull clothing, but, rather, radical religious reformers.

Question 23

Predestination

Answer 23

Core belief of the puritains.

Only the elect will go to heaven come judgement day.

Question 24

The Elect

Answer 24

Predestination

Puritains were on the look out for these perfect beings who followed scripture, etc.

Question 25

John Winthrop

Answer 25

Governor of Massachusetts Bay and Puritan.
Winthrop believed God would punish the English, but would provide a safe haven for the Puritans.
Safe Haven = America

Question 26

“The Great Migration”

Answer 26

Large scale migration of puritains to America.

Sex ratio is more balanced

Question 27

“The City on a Hill”

Answer 27

Goal of the puritains, make the perfect role model for other religious settlements

Question 28

Congregationalism

Answer 28

Churches run by the congregation

Question 29

Roger Williams

Answer 29

Challenger of puritain orthodoxy.
-preached extreme separatism - impure to be attached to impurity
-Punish not those who have different beliefs
Compromise failed - was banished with his followers and then started Providence (future Rhode Island) in 1636

Question 30

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 30

Challenger of puritain orthodoxy.
-Antinomianism - faith alone is necessary for salvation
-Vocal about her beliefs - shared with many women
-Winthrop saw her teaching as a gate to civil and religious anarchy
She was taken and cross examined in General Court and held her own, but eventually tripped herself up.
She and her followers were banished to Rhode Island

Question 31

Thomas Hooker

Answer 31

An important Connecticut Minister, helped New England to define Congregational polities (Fundamental Orders)

Question 32

Henry Hudson

Answer 32

was hired by the Dutch to explore the Hudson river

Question 33

Peter Stuyvesant

Answer 33

Last Dutch General Governor.

Begged his people not to surrender to the English, they disobeyed.

Question 34

Colonel Richard Nicolls

Answer 34

british commander of the warships during operation scare-the-shit-out-of-the-dutch.
Became governor of New Netherlands.

Question 35

New Netherlands

Answer 35

Dutch settlement.
Had a small population, but was very diverse.
Those in power were corrupt: they lined their own pockets and ignored company directives.
Dutch settlers were paid to find furs.
Land was taken by the English and given to the Duke of York.

Question 36

Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret

Answer 36

were bother given charters for New Jersey.
Who owned what?
Wanted the colonists to pay to them.
Berkeley gave his land to the Quakers

Question 37

Squanto

Answer 37

an english speaking native that taught the pilgrims how to hunt and farm.

Question 38

William Penn

Answer 38

Quaker who founded Pennsylvania

Question 39

Quakers

Answer 39

Believed that:
-Everyone could be saved
-Beliefs were a liberating invitation to lower class
-humility - simple clothes, etc
-Pacifists
Very vocal
Others got fed up with ‘em - threw them in jail or put them to death

Question 40

“Holy Experiment”

Answer 40

Pennsylvania

Question 41

Anthony Ashley Cooper

Answer 41

Earl of Shaftesbury

Founded Carolina/Charlestown

Question 42

James Oglethorpe

Answer 42

British general
Saw Georgia as a place for the poor and a military post.
Rum was illegal, migrants got 50 acres -> Trustees were mean.
Eventually, restrictions on slaves and rum were lifted.